Computer codes for beam dynamics analysis of cyclotronlike accelerators

Abstract

Computer codes suitable for the study of beam dynamics in cyclotronlike (classical and isochronous cyclotrons, synchrocyclotrons, and fixed field alternating gradient) accelerators are reviewed. Computer modeling of cyclotron segments, such as the central zone, acceleration region, and extraction system is considered. The author does not claim to give a full and detailed description of the methods and algorithms used in the codes. Special attention is paid to the codes already proven and confirmed at the existing accelerating facilities. The description of the programs prepared in the worldwide known accelerator centers is provided. The basic features of the programs available to users and limitations of their applicability are described.

Tune compensation in nearly scaling fixed field alternating gradient accelerators

“…The main objective is to provide reliable modeling tools for FFA type of accelerators and to better explain the results of the experiments at the KURNS 150 MeV scaling FFA [7]. There exist several simulation codes for FFAs [31]. However, only a few were part of this benchmarking analysis so far.…”

Matching of turn pattern measurements for cyclotrons using multiobjective optimization

“…According to Fig. 6 the smallest turn separation at RRI2 is 18 mm σ [1,16] = 6.4 mm, where the symbol σ [l,u] indicates a single objective for the turns l to u. Therefore, the deviation to the measurement is less than half a turn for the maximum absolute error.…”

“…7). σ [106,148] σ [149,182] σ [1,16] σ [32,61] σ [62,105] σ [9,31] Figure 17. Evolution of the best individual during the multiobjective optimization.…”

“…Objective l∞-error Probe σ [l,u] (mm) σ [1,16] 6.4 RRI2 σ [9,31] 3.8 RRL σ [32,61] 6.3 RRL σ [62,105] 4.4 RRL σ [106,148] 2.9 RRL σ [149,182] 3.3 RRL…”

“…Various computer codes are able to compute turn patterns of cyclotrons. A survey of the most common cyclotron codes is given in [1]. A first step towards a realistic numerical model of the PSI Ring cyclotron using OPAL was taken in [2], but only the last few turns before extraction and one of the 18 trim coils were included.…”