Computer Control of Oilfield Production in China

Abstract

Daqing Oilfield is the largest oilfield in China. It provides 50% of China's yearly total oil production of 120 million tons. The no. 6 production plant of Daqing Oilfield is the pioneer in computer application for petroleum production in China. In 1981, the No. 6 production plant bought its first computer. In 1985, based on the comprehensive applications of computers, a network was built to connect all the information sources and decision making agents including production teams, technical service teams, geology teams, testing teams, production management and control offices. Later on, the operation system was put into the network. According to the specific situations in the oilfield, over 300 softwares were developed and their application was very fruitful. With the application of computers, oil production increased by over 1%, production cost decreased by 15%. Energy consumption and equipment damage are decreased. After the computerization in the oilfield, the no. 6 production plant gets economic benefits over 30 million Yuan (5 million U.S. dollars). Introduction Computer systems with their powerful hardwares and effective software packages are becoming more and more important to the petroleum industry. As early as in 1969, a computer system was successfully used to optimize oilfield production operations. This computer system is basically a data-gathering system. P. 345^

A review of control methods for providing frequency response in VSC-HVDC transmission systems

“…VSC-HVDC transmission system uses selfcommutated switching devices, of insulated gate bi-polar transistor (IGBT), with high-frequency PWM. Advantages of VSC-HVDC over LCC-HVDC can be summarised as follows [16,[19][20][21]:…”

“…Detailed models [19][24] characterise all switching actions, resulting in great computation effort and are typically not suitable for use in large power system models. To enable large system studies to be conducted, the averaged VSC model is proposed in [20][25] [26] and is also applied in this paper. The averaged model represents the average response of switching devices, controls and converters by applying controllable sources and switching functions.…”