The development of robotic systems for surgery started in the 1980s, motivated by the US army's requirement of surgical procedures in combat areas with the surgeon in a distant place (telepresence). But the first human application of robotic surgery occurred in a robotic surgery, years later.Cardiac surgeons were attracted by the robotic techniques due to the potential reduction in the invasive character of the procedures. This results in reduced trauma, fast recovery and low cost of surgery. Robotic systems were developed, allowing totally thoracoscopic cardiac surgery for myocardial revascularization and multi-site pacemaker implant in selected cases. Support systems for videothoracoscopic also exist and may give support to internal thoracic artery harvesting, mitral valve reconstruction correction of congenital heart defects. We have used the AESOP ® system, with HERMES ® voice control, to harvest the internal thoracic arteries, trans-thoracic implantation of left ventricular electrodes and to correct congenital heart defects.In spite of scientific enthusiasm relating to robotic surgery, there is no clear evidence of superiority of this technique if compared to conventional procedures in terms of results. The same is true with the cost of the procedures as even if a single robotic surgery is less expensive, the initial investment for a complete robotic system (console, video control, instruments) can only be compensated with many procedures. But there is no doubt that robotic surgery will have a place in the future of surgery, providing telepresence of the surgeon, allowing teaching and training and performing less invasive surgical procedures.
Descriptors: Robotics. Cardiac surgical procedures, methods. Surgical procedures, minimally invasive.
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