Computer Networking for Scientists

Jennings, Dennis; Landweber, Lawrence H.; Fuchs, Ira H.; Farber, David; Adrion, W. Richards

doi:10.1126/science.231.4741.943

Cited by 46 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…In the 1980s ARPANET was a major component of a supernet. Called the Internet, it included the Computer Science Network (CSNET), which let academic computer scientists share computational resources and exchange email, and the National Science Foundation Network (NSFnet), which connected 60 major research centers in the United States [ 139 ].…”

Section: The Internet and The World Wide Webmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Development of Digital Computers

Collen¹,

Kulikowski

2015

Health Informatics

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In the 1950s, the transistor replaced the vacuum tubes that had empowered Eniac, Colossus, and other early computers in the 1940s. In the 1960s and 1970s, computing moved from slow, expensive mainframes to faster mini-and microcomputers and multiprocessors, empowered by chip technology and integrated circuits, and leveraged by increasingly sophisticated operating systems and programming languages. By the 1980s, commercially available programs were able to perform commonly needed computational functions. With the growth of computer capabilities and computer storage capacities, database technology and database management systems gave rise to the development of distributed database systems. Effi cient computer-stored databases proved essential to many medical computing applications, making vast amounts of data available to users. Over time computer applications became more numerous and complex, with software claiming a larger fraction of computing costs. Display terminals and clinical workstations offered graphic displays and supported structured data entry and reporting. Devices, such as the mouse, light pens, touch screens, and input technologies, such as speech and handwriting recognition, were developed to ease the user's tasks and foster physician acceptance. Over the same span of time, computer communications evolved as well, moving from copper wire to fi ber optic cable and, most recently, to wireless systems. The Internet and the World Wide Web became the main modes used for local and global communications. By the 2010s laptops replaced desktop computers, and tablets and smart phones were commonplace in health care.

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Section: The Internet and The World Wide Webmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Development of Digital Computers

Collen¹,

Kulikowski

2015

Health Informatics

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“…The REN was first introduced in the United States as ''computer networking for scientists'' in 1986 and is now established in many countries and regions both domestically and internationally. 12 Many such networks are government-funded or run by nonprofit organizations, and higher education establishments as well as research centers are well connected. 11 These institutions can use this high-speed Internet anytime, without additional cost for individuals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ten-Year Experience of Remote Medical Education in Asia

Shimizu

Kudo

Antoku

et al. 2014

Telemedicine and e-Health

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Background: Moving images are often essential in medical education, to learn new procedures and advanced skills, but, in the past, high-quality movie transmission was technically much more challenging than transmitting still pictures because of technological limitations and cost. Materials and Methods: We established a new system, taking advantage of two advanced technologies, the digital video transport system (DVTS) and the research and education network (REN), which enabled satisfactory telemedicine on a routine basis. Results: Between 2003 and 2013, we organized 360 programs connecting 221 hospitals or facilities in 34 countries in Asia and beyond. The two main areas were endoscopy and surgery, with 113 (31%) and 106 (29%) events, respectively. Teleconferences made up 76% of the total events, with the remaining 24% being live demonstrations. Multiple connections were more popular (63%) than one-to-one connections (37%). With continuous technological development, NJ)

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“…A major impact on health promotion is likely to result from computer-mediated communication networks (98). Computers can be linked so that users can communicate with geographically distant people who have common concerns and provide the protection of anonymity while discussing sensitive subjects with experts .…”

Section: Networkingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computer-Based Health Promotion: Combining Technological Advances with Problem-Solving Techniques to Effect Successful Health Behavior Changes

Gustafson¹,

Bosworth²,

Chewning³

et al. 1987

Annu. Rev. Public Health

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This paper addresses the important issue of how computer technology has been and should be used to foster health promotion. I The conclusions of our review of the field can be stated very briefly. The designers of computer assisted health education systems have typically tried to produce surrogates for other methods of education (such as lectures, health campaigns, or reading lists) rather than designing systems that utilize the unique advantages of computers in assisting learning and facilitating behavioral change.We see three fundamental advantages of computers: (a) they allow users to explore "what if' questions, simulate real world experiences, confidentiaIly and anonymously address sensitive subjects, and practice new skills; (b) they are ideally suited to request, organize, process, and quickly update infonna- 'We use the term health promotion rather than health education because our focus excludes the important area of patient education, which deals with how to cope with preexisting health conditions and illness (such as diabetes or cancer). Health promotion (171, 43,78) as it is addressed in this paper is a prohlem-based field employing a "combination of methods to facilitate voluntary adaptations of behavior conducive to health" (74). 3870163-7525/87/0510-0387$02.00 Annu. Rev. Public Health 1987.8:387-415 GUSTAFSON ET ALtion from data bases, literature, and experts as well as the user; (c) they can be programmed to make this information selectively available to the individual user at a time, speed, and format of presentation controlled by the user.Employing insights provided by literature on tbe dynamics of individual and group decisions , systems analysis, problem solving, social cognition, health psychology, and behavior change, health promotion system designers should now begin to utilize these advantages to produce more effective health promotion systems.The paper has five sections: (a) a summary of the history and current status of computer-assisted health promotion efforts; (b) an analysis of the goals of health-promotion efforts; (c) a description of a problem-solving model for health promotion; (d) a review of recent advances in technology and software systems; and (e) a model, using the example of stress, of how an ideal computer-based health promotion problem-solving system might work. This last section builds on recent technological software advances and the problem solving model described in the previous sections.The ideas presented in this paper are based on: (a) literature review of computer-assisted health education; technology and hardware; individual and group decision making, problem solving, health psychology, social cogni tion, and behavior change; (b) interviews with 20 leading educators, human factors engineers, decision scientists , and computer scientists; and (c) five years of experience developing, testing, and implementing the Body Aware ness Resource Network, or BARN. BARN (26, 10) is a computer-based health promotion system for teenagers and their families that provides in ...

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Computer Networking for Scientists

Cited by 46 publications

References 4 publications

The Development of Digital Computers

The Development of Digital Computers

Ten-Year Experience of Remote Medical Education in Asia

Computer-Based Health Promotion: Combining Technological Advances with Problem-Solving Techniques to Effect Successful Health Behavior Changes

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