Computer Program for Analysing Interstratified Structures by Fourier Transform Methods

Vila, E.; Ruiz-Amil, A.

doi:10.1017/s0885715600013038

Cited by 13 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…A computer program, based on Fourier transform methods (Vila & Ruiz-Amil, 1988), was applied to the results obtained from XRD analysis, in order to establish whether the basal spacing obtained corresponded to an interstratified structure or a pure phase (segregated phase). This program has previously been applied to different systems in which the formation of a clay mineral-organic compound complex was studied (Aragrn et al, 1992).…”

Section: And Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction of aminotriazole with montmorillonite and Mg-vermiculite at pH 4

Morillo

Rodríguez²,

Rubio³

et al. 1997

Clay miner.

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The interaction of aminotriazole (AMT) at pH 4 on Wyoming montmorillonite (mainly with Na ions) and Mg-vermiculite has been studied by X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy. The AMT is adsorbed on montmorillonite in the cationic form by cation exchange. The amount of pesticide adsorbed was 71 mEq/100 g, which comprises ~91% of the CEC of this sample (78.2 mEq/100 g). Saturation was reached in 24 h, giving rise to a complex with basal spacing 12.5 ,~. Vermiculite adsorbs 167 mEq/100 g,o almost 20% greater than the CEC (141 mEq/100 g), and the basal spacing was stabilized at 13.68 A after five weeks of treatment with AMT. A part of the AMT is adsorbed in cationic form, displacing a great part of the exchangeable Mg 2+ cations. The rest is adsorbed in molecular form by coordination to the Mg 2+ cations which remain in the interlamellar space, removing a great amount of water, and remaining in the interlamellar space of vermiculite after washing with water, probably because of a steric hindrance from the AMT cations adsorbed.

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Section: And Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction of aminotriazole with montmorillonite and Mg-vermiculite at pH 4

Morillo

Rodríguez²,

Rubio³

et al. 1997

Clay miner.

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“…The interstratified phases were studied using the IN-TER program (Vila and Ruiz-Amil 1988). The program allows the calculation of diffraction effects from given mixtures (XRD intensity function) and compares them with experimentally recorded diffraction curves (Ruiz-Amil et al 1967;Vila and Ruiz-Amil 1988;Ruiz-Amil et al 1992).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stability of n-Butylammonium Vermiculite in Powder and Flake Forms

Haro

1998

Clays and clay miner.

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Abstract--Interaction between n-butylammonium (BA) chloride and vermiculite from Santa Olalla (Spain) has been studied in large flake (5 • 5 • 0.1 ram) or ground powder (~<80 txm) samples. The differences in adsorption and decomposition of BA ions in both particle sizes have been established. In the interlamellar space, the BA ion remains unaltered in powder samples, but is degraded in flakes. The experimental results suggest decomposition of the BA in the interlamellar space of vermiculite flakes by breaking of the C-N bond. The degradation of BA takes place over a short period. The variety with BA in the interlamellar space is transformed into a new one, due to the degradation of alkylammonium. The transformation occurs through an interstratified phase formed between BA-vermiculite and NH:vermiculite, and finally a phase appears in which only ammonium is present in the interlamellar space. Due to the many industrial applications of alkylammonium-clays, determination of the stability of alkylammonium in the interlamellar space of clay minerals is of great importance.

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“…The interstratified phases were studied using the IN-TER program (Vila and Ruiz-Amil 1988). The program allows diffraction effects to be calculated from given mixtures (XRD Intensity Function) and compared with experimentally recorded diffraction curves.…”

Section: Calculation Of the Distribution Function Of Interlayer Distamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…where: a is a constant proportionality factor; Is and ds are the intensity and spacings of X-ray reflections; | is the angular factor representing the combined Lorentz-polarization and geometrical factors, which depends upon the experimental technique (Vila and Ruiz-Amil 1988); and Fs is the structure factor for the mixed layer.…”

Section: Calculation Of the Distribution Function Of Interlayer Distamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interaction of Vermiculite with Aliphatic Amides (Formamide, Acetamide and Propionamide): Formation and Study of Interstratified Phases in the Transformation of Mg- to NH₄-Vermiculite

Ruíz-Conde

1997

Clays and clay miner.

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Abstract--The Mg-vermiculite from Santa Olalla has been treated with aliphatic amides--formamide (FM), acetamide (AM) and propionamide (PM)--in aqueous solution. These treatments produce the transformation towards NH4-vermiculite and interstratified NH:vermiculite-Mg-vermiculite phases. The NH 4-vermiculite, Mg-vermiculite and interstratified (mixed-layer)~phases have been identifed from basal X-ray diffraction (XRD) interval peaks between 10,3 _~ and 14,4 A, and confirmed by direct Fourier transform method, as well as by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), infrared (IR) spectroscopy and thermal analysis.According to their NH:vermiculite/Mg-vermiculite probability coefficients ratio (Pa/PB), and PAA, these interstratified phases can be divided into 3 categories: 1) If the Pa/Pn ratio is --> 7/3 and PAA ~" 0,7, there are interstratified phases with a strong tendency toward segregation (case of FM, AM and PM). Experimental evidence reported in the present work indicates that the mechanism of interaction of Mg-vermiculite with FM, AM and PM in an aqueous medium takes place by ion exchange of NH 4 between the layers. The hydrolysis of these aliphatic amides leads to the liberation of NHa + into the medium. It has been found that the NH4 § sorption depends on the physico-chemical characteristics of the particular aliphatic amide, and the transformation of Mg-vermiculite to interstratified and/or NH4-vermiculite phases depends on the amide concentration. These treatments allow one to control the formation of interstratified and NH4-vermiculite phases.

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Computer Program for Analysing Interstratified Structures by Fourier Transform Methods

Cited by 13 publications

References 9 publications

Interaction of aminotriazole with montmorillonite and Mg-vermiculite at pH 4

Interaction of aminotriazole with montmorillonite and Mg-vermiculite at pH 4

Stability of n-Butylammonium Vermiculite in Powder and Flake Forms

Interaction of Vermiculite with Aliphatic Amides (Formamide, Acetamide and Propionamide): Formation and Study of Interstratified Phases in the Transformation of Mg- to NH₄-Vermiculite

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Computer Program for Analysing Interstratified Structures by Fourier Transform Methods

Cited by 13 publications

References 9 publications

Interaction of aminotriazole with montmorillonite and Mg-vermiculite at pH 4

Interaction of aminotriazole with montmorillonite and Mg-vermiculite at pH 4

Stability of n-Butylammonium Vermiculite in Powder and Flake Forms

Interaction of Vermiculite with Aliphatic Amides (Formamide, Acetamide and Propionamide): Formation and Study of Interstratified Phases in the Transformation of Mg- to NH4-Vermiculite

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Interaction of Vermiculite with Aliphatic Amides (Formamide, Acetamide and Propionamide): Formation and Study of Interstratified Phases in the Transformation of Mg- to NH₄-Vermiculite