Computer Simulation of Consecutive Ski Turns

Mössner, Martin; Heinrich, D.; Kaps, Peter; Schretter, Herwig; Nachbauer, Werner

doi:10.1520/stp47474s

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…As the ski is turned more onto edge, it will need to bend more to come into contact with the snow surface resulting in greater deformation and a shorter effective turn radius. This phenomenon has been demonstrated in a number of studies (e.g., Heinririch et al, 2006 ; Federolf et al, 2010a ; Mossner et al, 2010 ). Along similar lines, increasing the ski's sidecut has also been found to amplify the ski's bending deformation, resulting in a decreased R T (Hirano and Tada, 1996 ).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 71%

Alpine Ski Motion Characteristics in Slalom

Reid

Haugen

Gilgien

et al. 2020

Front. Sports Act. Living

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Important insight into ski function, and ultimately skier technique and tactics, can be gained by studying how measured ski trajectories compare to predictions based on theoretical models of ski-snow interaction mechanics. The aim of this investigation was to use a 3D kinematic data set collected on highly-skilled skiers during slalom race simulations to quantify ski motion characteristics and to compare these measures with theoretical predictions based primarily on ski geometrical characteristics. For slalom turns on moderate steepness (19 • ), ski edging angles reached maximum values of 65.7 ± 1.7 • and 71.0 ± 1.9 • for 10 and 13 m gate spacings. Turn radii reached minimum values of 3.96 ± 0.23 and 4.94 ± 0.59 m for the 10 and 13 m courses. These values were in good agreement with theoretical predictions by Howe (2001) of turn radius based on edging angle. Other results of the study support recent developments in understanding of the role which the ski shovel plays in groove formation during carving, and also point to the need for further study of how ski geometrical and physical characteristics interact to determine the ski's trajectory, particularly at low edge angles. These results have important implications for understanding the consequences that ski design can have for skier technique and tactics in competitive slalom skiing.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 71%

Alpine Ski Motion Characteristics in Slalom

Reid

Haugen

Gilgien

et al. 2020

Front. Sports Act. Living

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“…In separate studies, Mössner et al. () investigated the effects of the edge angle and forward/backward lean, followed by the effects of torsional and bending stiffness and the shearing strength of snow (Mössner et al., ). For more accurate simulation of skiing, the sledge has to be replaced by a skier model.…”

Section: Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the ski–snow contact in skiing turns using a hypoplastic vs an elastic force–penetration relation

Mössner

Heinrich

Schindelwig

et al. 2013

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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A ski-snow interaction model is presented. The force between ski and snow is decomposed into a penetration force normal to the snow surface, a shear force parallel to it, and friction. The purpose of this study was to investigate the benefits of a hypoplastic vs an elastic contact for penetration in the simulation of skiing turns. To reduce the number of influencing factors, a sledge equipped with skis was considered. A forward dynamic simulation model for the sledge was implemented. For the evaluation of both contact models, the deviation between simulated trajectories and experimental track data was computed for turns of 67 and 42 m. Maximum deviations for these turns were 0.44 and 0.14 m for the hypoplastic contact, and 0.6 and 7.5 m for the elastic contact, respectively. In the hypoplastic contact, the penetration depth of the ski's afterbody maintained nearly the same value as the part under maximum load, whereas it decreased in the elastic contact. Because the shear force is proportional to the penetration depth, the hypoplastic contact resulted in a higher shearing resistance. By replacing the sledge with a skier model, one may investigate more complex skier actions, skiing performance, or accident-prone skiing maneuvers.

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“…In skiing simulations the snow reaction force produced by the snow is a decisive factor. Small variations in the snow properties may cause large effects in the turn radius of a skier (Mössner and others, 2009). The side guidance is affected by the shear strength of the snow, and, because the shear force is proportional to the penetration depth, also by the penetration force.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of mechanical properties of snow for simulation of skiing

Mössner¹,

Innerhofer²,

Schindelwig

et al. 2013

J. Glaciol.

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ABSTRACT. In the simulation of skiing the force between ski and snow is a decisive factor. We decompose the reaction force into a penetration force normal to the snow surface, a shear force and friction. Two portable measurement devices were developed to study the penetration and shear forces for compacted snow on groomed ski slopes. The penetration force was assessed by measuring the penetration depth of a ski-tool loaded normal to the snow surface. . In another investigation, skiing turns were simulated using the presented snow reaction forces. Maximum deviations between computed and real trajectories were <1% of the overall length of the runs.

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Computer Simulation of Consecutive Ski Turns

Cited by 7 publications

References 10 publications

Alpine Ski Motion Characteristics in Slalom

Alpine Ski Motion Characteristics in Slalom

Modeling the ski–snow contact in skiing turns using a hypoplastic vs an elastic force–penetration relation

Measurement of mechanical properties of snow for simulation of skiing

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