In applications such as flavor encapsulation, drug delivery, and biomedical devices, microencapsulation is developing into an increasingly effective method for the protection and delivery of active ingredients. Herein, we show that spider-silk proteins are well-suited for producing responsive microcapsules with high mechanical stability. Emulsion interfaces are harnessed to induce the controlled self-assembly of these proteins into predominantly b-sheet configurations, resulting in a mechanically stable thin polymer shell. Capsules transferred into a continuous phase can readily encapsulate large molecules, while allowing small molecules to permeate freely. The capsules demonstrate good chemical stability, which is attributed to the b-sheet-rich structure of the self-assembled spider-silk proteins. These microcapsules represent a new class of biomimetic materials, exhibiting functionalities that can be further modified and controlled on the molecular level.