Computer simulation of subchondral bone adaptation to mechanical loading in an incongruous joint

Abstract

The results of the bone remodeling simulations are consistent with patterns of subchondral bone density determined experimentally. Furthermore, the solutions exhibited a high degree of uniqueness, were rather insensitive to changes in cartilage stiffness, moderately sensitive to number of applied loading cycles, and highly sensitive to loading magnitude. Tensile stresses seem to play a dominant role in subchondral bone remodeling due to bending in the subchondral bone plate. Thus, we conclude that, in the case of an incongruous joints with deeper sockets, the density of the subchondral bone cannot be regarded as a direct measure of the adjacent articular pressure.

Bioactive glass and glass-ceramic scaffolds for bone tissue engineering

“…However, the Young's modulus of fcc microstructures with moderate porosities of between 30% and 80% (pink, dashed overlapped data line in Figure 9) was well-estimated by linear regression analysis. The non-linear relationships between porosity and stiffness (E-Modulus) [125,138,139,141] are well in agreement with the homogenization of heterogeneous materials and micromechanics theory of porous solids [138,142], whose details are far beyond the scope of this review. Briefly, the stiffness of a cellular solid depends mainly on its microstructure and the mechanical properties of the base material.…”

Simultaneous Presence of Growth and Remodeling in the Bone Adaptation Theory

“…Assuming that the maturity happens at the age of 18 years, this model converges to common remodeling models proposed by others (e.g. Jacobs [28] ,Carter et al [19] , Huiskes et al [12] ), for mature bone. As a physical run-time constraint, the elemental densities were assumed not to outrage the following range (0.001, 1.74 g/cc).…”

“…The first strut is developed in the direction of maximum shearing stress and the second is produced in the direction of principal direction of normal stresses. Based on Wolff's law, some researchers have interpreted that bone reinforces itself in orientation which is maximally stressed [7,8,28] .…”

“…The load starts from approximately zero values and gradually increases with a mean slope of 1.11 Newton per year, until reaches 20 Newtons at the age of 18 years [27] . The relation between the elastic modulus and the bone density is assumed to be in the following form as proposed by Jacobs in 1994 [28] …”

“…In addition to elastic modulus regulation, the model proposed here uses the following equation, also proposed by Jacobs [28] , to update elemental Poisson's ratios: …”