Computer simulations can replace in-vivo experiments for implantable medical devices

Sorgüven, Esra; Bozkurt, Selim; Baldock, Clive

doi:10.1007/s13246-021-00978-4

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(17 reference statements)

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“…Zero-dimensional models eliminate the variation in space and allow the description of pressure and flow as a function of time in a specific compartment of the circulatory system [ 44 ]. Zero-dimensional modeling is widely used in the study of the interaction between an assist device and the cardiovascular system [ 17 , 45 , 46 , 47 ] and for the analysis of average values of hemodynamic parameters.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

CARDIOSIM©: The First Italian Software Platform for Simulation of the Cardiovascular System and Mechanical Circulatory and Ventilatory Support

et al. 2022

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This review is devoted to presenting the history of the CARDIOSIM© software simulator platform, which was developed in Italy to simulate the human cardiovascular and respiratory systems. The first version of CARDIOSIM© was developed at the Institute of Biomedical Technologies of the National Research Council in Rome. The first platform version published in 1991 ran on a PC with a disk operating system (MS-DOS) and was developed using the Turbo Basic language. The latest version runs on PC with Microsoft Windows 10 operating system; it is implemented in Visual Basic and C++ languages. The platform has a modular structure consisting of seven different general sections, which can be assembled to reproduce the most important pathophysiological conditions. One or more zero-dimensional (0-D) modules have been implemented in the platform for each section. The different modules can be assembled to reproduce part or the whole circulation according to Starling’s law of the heart. Different mechanical ventilatory and circulatory devices have been implemented in the platform, including thoracic artificial lungs, ECMO, IABPs, pulsatile and continuous right and left ventricular assist devices, biventricular pacemakers and biventricular assist devices. CARDIOSIM© is used in clinical and educational environments.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

CARDIOSIM©: The First Italian Software Platform for Simulation of the Cardiovascular System and Mechanical Circulatory and Ventilatory Support

et al. 2022

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“…There is a wide gap between "normal" in vitro versus in vivo (McKeown, 2014). Novel techniques including changing the physical state of the experiment medium (Lorian, 1989) and even computer simulation of in vivo experimentation (Sorguven et al, 2021) seek to narrow this gap in the lab to better stimulate environments inside the body.…”

Section: Defining Normoxia Physoxia and Hypoxiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms Behind Hypoxia-Driven Resistance to Immunotherapy in the Tumor Microenvironment

Meyer

Riggan²

2022

J Stud Res

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Tumor formation requires rapid proliferation of malignant cells which consume large amounts of oxygen from the microenvironment to meet metabolic demands. The resulting tumor microenvironment (TME) is usually low in oxygen compared to healthy tissue and left in a hypoxic state. Immune cells in the tissue rely on oxygen for energy production, therefore immune function is often inhibited in the TME. Novel immunotherapy treatments aim to reinvigorate the immune system, thus making hypoxia a concrete barrier against immunotherapeutics targeting solid tumors. Furthermore, oxygen levels are highly variable dependent on the tissue, raising the question of the influence of physoxia on immune cell survival in hypoxic counterparts. This review aims to provide insight into the mechanisms that influence this question, using an in-silico approach, in order to understand how the field can improve immunotherapy treatments for patients.

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“…Advancement growth in the mathematical modeling of cardiac cells through mathematical descriptions of electrical events at the cellular level and its computer simulation has contributed to the use of simulations as a tool for studying cardiac dynamics. Furthermore, the computer simulation approach helps in reducing and replacing the use of animals in cardiac research [5]. Therefore, many mathematical models related to excitable media have been developed to represent different regions of the cardiac such as Hodgkin -Huxley [6,7], FitzHugh-Nagumo (FHN) model [8], Noble Purkinje model [9], Beeler and Reuter [10], and Luo-Rudy ventricular model [11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Reconfigurable Hardware Realization for Real-Time Simulation of Cardiac Excitation and Conduction

Mahmud,

Adon,

Othman

et al. 2024

IJIE

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Dynamic simulation of complex cardiac excitation and conduction requires high computational time. Thus, the hardware techniques that can run in real-time simulation were introduced. However, according to existing studies, the hardware simulation requires high power consumption and involves a large size of the physical parts. Due to the drawbacks, this research presents the adaptation of nonlinear Ordinary Differential Equation (ODE)-based cardiac excitable models of Luo-Rudy Phase I (LR-I) and FitzHugh-Nagumo (FHN) in a reconfigurable hardware of field-programmable gate array (FPGA). FPGA rapid prototyping using MATLAB Hardware Description Language (HDL) Coder was used to convert a fixed-point MATLAB Simulink blocks design of the cardiac models into a synthesizable VHSIC Hardware Description Language (VHDL) code and verified using the FPGA-In-the Loop (FIL) Co-simulator. The Xilinx FPGA Virtex-6 XC6VLX240T ML605 evaluation board was chosen as the FPGA platform. The cardiac excitation response characteristics using the LR-I model and the simulations of reentrant initiation and annihilation using the FHN model were verified in Virtex-6 FPGA. This means a new real-time simulation-based analysis technique of cardiac electrical excitation and conduction wassuccessfully developed using the reconfigurable hardware.

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Computer simulations can replace in-vivo experiments for implantable medical devices

Cited by 5 publications

References 17 publications

CARDIOSIM©: The First Italian Software Platform for Simulation of the Cardiovascular System and Mechanical Circulatory and Ventilatory Support

CARDIOSIM©: The First Italian Software Platform for Simulation of the Cardiovascular System and Mechanical Circulatory and Ventilatory Support

Mechanisms Behind Hypoxia-Driven Resistance to Immunotherapy in the Tumor Microenvironment

A Reconfigurable Hardware Realization for Real-Time Simulation of Cardiac Excitation and Conduction

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