Computer tomographic investigation of subcutaneous adipose tissue as an indicator of body composition

McEvoy, Fintan J.; Madsen, Mads T.; Nielsen, M. B. F.; Svalastoga, E.

doi:10.1186/1751-0147-51-28

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Because meat quality measurements are measured only on dressed carcasses, this necessitates the identification and implementation of ways to determine meat quality in live animals. To this end, non-invasive methods, such as ultrasonic backfat thickness measurements (Turner et al, 1990), video image analysis (McClure et al, 2003), magnetic resonance imaging (Monziols et al, 2005) and computer tomography (McEvoy et al, 2009) have been used to determine carcass fat content in live animals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic relationship between growth and carcass traits in Large White pigs

Dube¹,

Mulugeta²,

Dzama³

2014

SA J. An. Sci.

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Genetic relationships between growth and carcass traits in South African Large White pigs were estimated. Genetic parameters for growth and carcass traits were generated using a maternal effects model in ASREML. Data analysed were on 13 703 pigs from 28 herds tested between 1990 and 2007, and 4 128 carcasses from 21 herds evaluated between 1993 and 2007. The traits included in the study were backfat thickness (BFAT), test period weight gain (TPG), lifetime weight gain (LTG), test period feed conversion ratio (FCR), age at slaughter (AGES), lean percentage (LEAN), drip-free lean percentage (DLEAN), drip loss percentage (DRIP), carcass length (CRLTH), dressing percentage (DRESS), eye muscle area (AREA) and carcass fat (CFAT). Heritability estimates for growth traits ranged from 0.24 ± 0.03 for FCR to 0.45 ± 0.04 for BFAT, while those for carcass traits ranged from 0.14 ± 0.06 for DRIP to 0.55 ± 0.0.08 for AREA. Maternal genetic effects were significant in most traits, and were negatively correlated with direct heritabilities. Genetic correlations among growth traits ranged from -0.14 ± 0.08 between BFAT and LTG to -0.99 ± 0.01 between TPG and FCR, and LTG and AGES. For carcass traits, genetic correlations ranged from -0.02 ± 0.20 between DRIP and CRLTH to 0.99 ± 0.01 between LEAN and DLEAN. There is substantial genetic variation in growth and carcass traits; hence faster genetic improvement may be achieved through selection. Growth performance and carcass characteristics can be improved through selection for reduced backfat thickness and increased daily weight gain.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic relationship between growth and carcass traits in Large White pigs

Dube¹,

Mulugeta²,

Dzama³

2014

SA J. An. Sci.

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“…A large variety of nondestructive BCA methods have been developed, each with its advantages and shortcomings, such as air-displacement plethysmography (ADP) (6), bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) (7), dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) (8), total-body electrical conductivity (TOBEC) (9), total body potassium (TBK) (10), isotope dilution (11), skin-fold thickness measurements (SFT) (12), multicompartment models (13), computed tomography (CT) (14), MRI (15), magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) (16), and quantitative magnetic resonance (QMR) (17).…”

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confidence: 99%

Validation of Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Body Composition Analysis for Infants Using Piglet Model

Mitchell¹

2011

Pediatr Res

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ABSTRACT:A study was conducted to validate the use of a quantitative magnetic resonance (QMR) device for measuring the body composition of infants and neonates weighing Ͻ12 kg using the pig as a model. A total of 25 piglets weighing between 2 and 12 kg were studied. Body composition was assessed by QMR, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and whole-body chemical analysis (CA) of carcass for lipid and water content. The precision, mean and SD of repeated measurements, of QMR to estimate fat mass (FM), lean mass (LM), and total body water (TBW) for five consecutive scans with reposition was 12.5, 32.0, and 36.0 g, respectively. QMR measures of FM, LM, and TBW were highly and significantly correlated with CA of carcass. In terms of accuracy, mean difference between QMR and CA (percent of mean value for CA), QMR overestimated FM by 40 g (4.7%), overestimated LM by 114.9 g (2.1%), and underestimated TBW by 134.6 g (3.1%). This study concludes that QMR provides precise and accurate measures of FM, LM, and TBW in piglet weighing up to 12 kg. These results suggest that QMR can provide valuable body composition data in longitudinal studies in infants. A ccurate assessment and tracking of infant body composition is useful in evaluating the amount and quality of weight gain, which can provide key information in both clinical and research settings. Body composition analysis (BCA) can be used to monitor and evaluate infant growth patterns, efficacy of nutritional and medical interventions, progression of chronic disease, and recovery from malnutrition (1-5).A large variety of nondestructive BCA methods have been developed, each with its advantages and shortcomings, such as air-displacement plethysmography (ADP) (6), bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) (7), dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) (8), total-body electrical conductivity (TOBEC) (9), total body potassium (TBK) (10), isotope dilution (11), skin-fold thickness measurements (SFT) (12), multicompartment models (13), computed tomography (CT) (14), MRI (15), magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) (16), and quantitative magnetic resonance (QMR) (17).Common shortcomings include complexity and time needed to obtain results (multicomponent models, TBK, isotope dilution, MRI, and MRS), immobilization requirement (MRI, MRS, CT, and DXA), expensive equipment (MRI, MRS, CT, DXA, QMR, and TOBEC), reliability and correspondence of relations between measured quantities and body components (BIA, TOBEC, ADP, and SFT), radiation exposure (CT and DXA), and potential vulnerability to oversimplification (ADP and SFT).QMR devices stand out in that they are fast and very easy to use, require no sedation or anesthesia, and are free of radiation, while capable of unsurpassed precision and high accuracy. Typical scan times range from Ͻ1 min to Ͻ4 min in different specific devices and applications, and less than half an hour of training is sufficient for a typical user.The QMR method is a branch of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), for whole body measurement of fat, lean tissues, free...

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“…Secondly, the L2 level is of particular interest in the pig because the P2 site, a commonly used site in the pig industry to measure SAT thickness by ultrasonography, is located on this slice. McEvoy et al ( 19 ) indicated that the current P2 site is situated in an area of low local variation and optimal correlation with the total volume of SAT. Finally, it is easier to delineate manually the RAT after identification of the kidneys that are clearly visible at the L2 level in the pig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The measurement site was localised by palpation on the left flank, approximately 6–7 cm lateral to the dorsal spinous process at the level of the most caudal point of the last rib (Fig. 2), which corresponded to the P2 site used in the pig industry ( 19 ) . After contrast optimisation (C4), the grey-scale image was frozen and transferred to ImageJ software for further analysis.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A computed tomography scan application to evaluate adiposity in a minipig model of human obesity

et al. 2010

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The aim of the present study was to describe and validate a computed tomography (CT) method to analyse adiposity distribution in Göttingen minipigs. Adiposity was evaluated in two groups of minipigs. In group 1 (n 8), measurements were performed before and after the induction of obesity. In group 2 (n 7), animals were fed rations designed to obtain heterogeneous adiposity before analyses. CT acquisitions were associated with anatomical, ultrasonography and body chemical measurements. Our CT method was based on acquisition of a single slice at a fixed anatomical landmark, calculation of individual X-ray density ranges for CT values and delineation of the three main adipose compartments (subcutaneous adipose tissue, SAT; retroperitoneal adipose tissue, RAT; and visceral adipose tissue, VAT). Our validation measures showed that the CT-scan method was accurate, sensitive and reliable. The CT data were found to be correlated with body weight, abdominal perimeter, ultrasonography, anatomical measurements and body chemical composition (from r 0·84 to 0·93, P,0·001 for all), with a pitfall concerning the precise estimation of VAT. With increased body weight, the amount of adipose tissue increased and the relative proportion of SAT increased, whereas the relative proportion of RAT and VAT decreased (P,0·001 for all). Adiposity measured by CT, and especially SAT, was found to be negatively correlated with insulin sensitivity (r 0·54, P,0·05). In conclusion, a precise evaluation of the adipose compartments in minipigs was done by CT. Therefore, the use of Göttingen minipigs is relevant to further investigate the relationship between the different adipose tissues and obesity.

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Computer tomographic investigation of subcutaneous adipose tissue as an indicator of body composition

Cited by 11 publications

References 17 publications

Genetic relationship between growth and carcass traits in Large White pigs

Genetic relationship between growth and carcass traits in Large White pigs

Validation of Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Body Composition Analysis for Infants Using Piglet Model

A computed tomography scan application to evaluate adiposity in a minipig model of human obesity

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