Computer vision syndrome: A review

Bali, Jatinder; Neeraj, Naveen; Bali, Renu T

doi:10.4103/2320-3897.122661

Cited by 59 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Several papers have given recommendations regarding the diagnosis of digital eye strain . Clinicians are advised to have a good understanding of the symptoms and underlying physiology of digital eye strain to improve diagnosis and management .…”

Section: Management Of Digital Eye Strainmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Clinicians are advised to have a good understanding of the symptoms and underlying physiology of digital eye strain to improve diagnosis and management . Diagnosis should also be improved by updating the standard eye examination to suit the current visual demands, and a specific eye examination should be developed for computer workers . Vision screening for computer workers may also be beneficial …”

Section: Management Of Digital Eye Strainmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since digital eye strain can have various underlying causes, management must be tailored to the individual patient . So that appropriate management is selected, clinicians are advised to assess visual symptoms separately from specific ocular symptoms .…”

Section: Management Of Digital Eye Strainmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Management of digital eye strain

Coles-Brennan

Sulley

Young

2019

Clinical and Experimental Optometry

203

133

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Digital eye strain, an emerging public health issue, is a condition characterised by visual disturbance and/or ocular discomfort related to the use of digital devices and resulting from a range of stresses on the ocular environment. This review aims to provide an overview of the extensive literature on digital eye strain research with particular reference to the clinical management of symptoms. As many as 90 per cent of digital device users experience symptoms of digital eye strain. Many studies suggest that the following factors are associated with digital eye strain: uncorrected refractive error (including presbyopia), accommodative and vergence anomalies, altered blinking pattern (reduced rate and incomplete blinking), excessive exposure to intense light, closer working distance, and smaller font size. Since a symptom may be caused by one or more factors, a holistic approach should be adopted. The following management strategies have been suggested: (i) appropriate correction of refractive error, including astigmatism and presbyopia; (ii) management of vergence anomalies, with the aim of inducing or leaving a small amount of heterophoria (~1.5 Exo); (iii) blinking exercise/training to maintain normal blinking pattern; (iv) use of lubricating eye drops (artificial tears) to help alleviate dry eye-related symptoms; (v) contact lenses with enhanced comfort, particularly at end-of-day and in challenging environments; (vi) prescription of colour filters in all vision correction options, especially blue light-absorbing filters; and (vii) management of accommodative anomalies. Prevention is the main strategy for management of digital eye strain, which involves: (i) ensuring an ergonomic work environment and practice (through patient education and the implementation of ergonomic workplace policies); and (ii) visual examination and eye care to treat visual disorders. Special consideration is needed for people at a high risk of digital eye strain, such as computer workers and contact lens wearers.

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Section: Management Of Digital Eye Strainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Management Of Digital Eye Strainmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Management of digital eye strain

Coles-Brennan

Sulley

Young

2019

Clinical and Experimental Optometry

203

133

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“…43 Targets appearing on screens usually lack sharp edges compared to printed materials, resulting in added difficulty in resolution. 44 Other factors, such as the different viewing angles and the need for frequent changes in eye movements across the screen or from the keyboard to the screen, also place additional demands on the visual system. 45 The findings of this study have a number of important clinical implications.…”

Section: Mean (Range) Contrast Reserve Ratiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual demands in modern Australian primary school classrooms

Narayanasamy

Vincent

Sampson

et al. 2016

Clinical and Experimental Optometry

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Background: The visual demands of modern classrooms are poorly understood yet are relevant in determining the levels of visual function required to perform optimally within this environment. Methods: Thirty-three Year 5 and 6 classrooms from eight south-east Queensland schools were included. Classroom activities undertaken during a full school day (9 am to 3 pm) were observed and a range of measurements recorded, including classroom environment (physical dimensions, illumination levels), text size and contrast of learning materials, habitual working distances (distance and estimated for near) and time spent performing various classroom tasks. These measures were used to calculate demand-related minimum criteria for distance and near visual acuity, contrast and sustained use of accommodation and vergence. Results: The visual acuity demands for distance and near were 0.33 ± 0.13 and 0.72 ± 0.09 logMAR, respectively (using habitual viewing distances and smallest target sizes) or 0.33 ± 0.09 logMAR assuming a 2.5 times acuity reserve for sustained near tasks. The mean contrast levels of learning materials at distance and near were greater than 70 per cent. Near tasks (47 per cent) dominated the academic tasks performed in the classroom followed by distance (29 per cent), distance to near (15 per cent) and computer-based (nine per cent). On average, children engaged in continuous near fixation for 23 ± 5 minutes at a time and during distancenear tasks performed fixation changes 10 ± 1 times per minute. The mean estimated habitual near working distance was 23 ± 1 cm (4.38 ± 0.24 D accommodative demand) and the vergence demand was 0.86 ± 0.07 Δ at distance and 21.94 ± 1.09 Δ at near assuming an average pupillary

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“…In Present study To evaluate risk factors contributing to video display terminal syndrome, 25-50 years of age. 6 Study was done with the objective to study risk factors of video display terminal syndrome, to study ocular complaints in video display terminal syndrome and to evaluate the factors and their impact on ocular complaints.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Risk Factors Contributing to Video Display Terminal Syndrome

G¹,

Gadre²

2019

IJCMR

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Introduction: There were many studies where computer users were surveyed and symptoms were attributed to use of computer but as the symptoms of patients were not always visible, many people using VDT didn't attribute computer for symptoms of VDTS. This Study spread awareness about VDTS among the outdoor patients and office staff workers at Tertiary hospital.In this study, we have screened computer users for ocular complaints along with risk factors and association between them. Material and Methods:This present study was carried out among the outdoor patients who uses computer for at least one year and presenting with eye complaints at Tertiary Care Centre and office staff of Medical Institute in Karad, Maharastra, India, where the uses of computers required, during the period of November 2016 to May 2018.180 Office staff worker and OPD patients, 25-50 years of age, were surveyed. All the participants were subjected to routine clinical examination. After ocular examination, subjects were asked to respond to a predefined questionnaire Results: Eyestrain, Dryness and Redness were major complaints in male while headache and burning were in females. Conclusion:Factors like working hours on a computer, whether they were using spectacles or not, their distance from the computer screen, the level of the eyes, type of monitor, the brightness adjustment, use of an antiglare screen, rule of 20-20-20 and the habit of taking breaks contributed to different ocular complaints.

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Computer vision syndrome: A review

Cited by 59 publications

References 43 publications

Management of digital eye strain

Management of digital eye strain

Visual demands in modern Australian primary school classrooms

Evaluation of Risk Factors Contributing to Video Display Terminal Syndrome

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