Computerized cognitive training in young adults with depressive symptoms: Effects on mood, cognition, and everyday functioning

Motter, Jeffrey N.; Grinberg, Alice; Lieberman, Dahlia H.; Iqnaibi, Waseem B.; Sneed, Joel R.

doi:10.1016/j.jad.2018.10.109

Cited by 37 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Attention training and improving control over thinking may facilitate the ability to flexibly shift attention and disengage from the negative schemas or associated biases. In support of this, cognitive remediation strategies, which explicitly target cognitive abilities shown to be deficient during MDD through repetitive and adaptive training, have shown much promise in strengthening such cold cognitive abilities (Motter, Grinberg, Lieberman, Iqnaibi, & Sneed, 2019;Motter et al, 2016;Trapp, Engel, Hajak, Lautenbacher, & Gallhofer, 2016). A comprehensive review by Koster et al (2017) provides a compelling discussion on the potential means by which cognitive training affects depressive symptoms.…”

Section: An Integrated Hot-cold Cognitive Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Hot-Cold Cognitive Model of Depression: Integrating the Neuropsychological Approach Into the Cognitive Theory Framework

Ahern

Bockting

Semkovska

2019

CPE

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In the 50 years following Beck’s cognitive theory, empirical research has consistently supported the role of dysfunctional, ‘hot’ cognition in the onset and maintenance of major depressive disorder. Compromised ‘cold’ cognition in attention, memory, and executive control abilities, independent of the affective state, has attracted much clinical interest for its role throughout the course of illness and into remission. We propose integrating cold cognition into Beck’s cognitive theory framework to account for the complementary roles of both hot and cold cognition in depression onset and maintenance. A critical review of cognitive research was conducted to inform an integrated hot-cold cognitive model of depression. Cold cognitive deficits likely act as a gateway to facilitate the activation and expression of the hot cognitive biases through a weakened ability to attend, retrieve, and critically assess information. Cold deficits become exacerbated by the negative mood state, essentially ‘becoming hot’, lending to maladaptive emotion regulation through ruminative processes. Depleted cognitive resources contribute to the manifestation of further deficit in problem-solving ability in everyday life, which in itself, may act as a stressor for the onset of recurrent episodes, perpetuating the depressive cycle. We discuss the interaction between hot and cold cognition within the cognitive theory framework and the potential of complementary hot-cold pathways to elucidate novel means of prevention and treatment for depression. Dysfunction in hot (emotion-dependent) and cold (emotion-independent) cognition has been demonstrated in depression, but psychological treatment has largely focused on hot cognition only. Hot and cold cognition are complementary processes throughout the activation and maintenance of depressive schemas and biases, necessitating the consideration of both hot and cold cognitive aspects to disrupt the depressive cycle. The proposed hot-cold cognitive model shows promise to stimulate new research avenues for the prevention and treatment of depression. Dysfunction in hot (emotion-dependent) and cold (emotion-independent) cognition has been demonstrated in depression, but psychological treatment has largely focused on hot cognition only. Hot and cold cognition are complementary processes throughout the activation and maintenance of depressive schemas and biases, necessitating the consideration of both hot and cold cognitive aspects to disrupt the depressive cycle. The proposed hot-cold cognitive model shows promise to stimulate new research avenues for the prevention and treatment of depression.

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Section: An Integrated Hot-cold Cognitive Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Hot-Cold Cognitive Model of Depression: Integrating the Neuropsychological Approach Into the Cognitive Theory Framework

Ahern

Bockting

Semkovska

2019

CPE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…We customized a specific set of CCT training modules for participants in the PS/EF CCT condition and the verbal CCT condition using the mobile phone platform and application for cognitive brain training, Peak. These modules were also used in our preliminary study [ 60 ]. Over the course of this study, the Peak training modules will remain consistent for all participants.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cutoff score of 85 was used to include individuals with IQ > 16th percentile in order to ensure that individuals have capacity to consent. This cutoff was also used in our preliminary study [ 60 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In both the pilot study and the current study, the training protocol is 15 min per day × 5 days × 8 weeks, which equals 600 total minutes of training time. This amount appears to be more than sufficient in providing therapeutic benefit [ 60 ]. A follow-up visit will be conducted 3 months after the trial ends to determine lasting effects of CCT on mood, cognition, and daily functioning.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a preliminary study, we tested how different types of CCT may show different results [ 60 ]. When comparing PS/EF CCT to verbal-based CCT in young adults with depressive symptoms, the PS/EF group had greater gains in executive functioning and processing speed than the verbal group.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Testing the Mechanism of Action of Computerized Cognitive Training in Young Adults with Depression: Protocol for a Blinded, Randomized, Controlled Treatment Trial

Rushia

Schiff

Egglefield

et al. 2020

J Psychiatry Brain Sci

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Background: Depression is associated with a broad range of cognitive deficits, including processing speed (PS) and executive functioning (EF). Cognitive symptoms commonly persist with the resolution of affective symptoms and increase risk of relapse and recurrence. The cognitive control network is comprised of brain areas implicated in EF and mood regulatory functions. Prior research has demonstrated the effectiveness of computerized cognitive training (CCT) focused on PS and EF in mitigating both cognitive and affective symptoms of depression. Methods: Ninety participants aged 18–29 with a current diagnosis of major depressive disorder or persistent depressive disorder, or a Hamilton Depression Rating Scale score ≥12, will be randomized to either PS/EF CCT, verbal CCT, or waitlist control. Participants in the active groups will complete 15 min of training 5 days/week for 8 weeks. Clinical and neuropsychological assessments will be completed at baseline, week 4, week 8, and 3-month follow-up. Structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) will be completed at baseline and week 8. We will compare changes in mood, cognition, daily functioning, and fMRI data. We will explore cognitive control network functioning using resting-state and task-based fMRI. Results: Recruitment began in October 2019; we expect to finish recruitment by April 2022 and subsequently begin data analysis. Conclusions: This study is innovative in that it will include both active and waitlist control conditions and will explore changes in neural activation. Identifying the neural networks associated with improvements following CCT will allow for the development of more precise and effective interventions. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03869463 ; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03869463 .

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What role for cognitive remediation in the treatment of depressive symptoms? A superiority and noninferiority meta‐analysis for clinicians

Sociali

Borgi

Pettorruso

et al. 2022

Depression and Anxiety

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Background Cognitive remediation (CR) is a promising technique in the treatment of the cognitive dimension of depression. The present study evaluated the potential of CR in treating depressive symptoms and provides practical information about its usefulness in clinical settings. Methods We performed two meta‐analyses of published randomized (and nonrandomized) clinical trials, comparing CR to control conditions in subjects with current depressive symptomatology. The superiority meta‐analysis aimed to determine the superiority of CR when compared with placebo/waiting list interventions and its efficacy when used as an augmentation therapy. The noninferiority meta‐analysis determined whether CR had noninferior efficacy compared with standard antidepressant interventions. Results CR was found to significantly improve depressive symptomatology in the superiority meta‐analysis (CR: n = 466, control n = 478). Moreover, CR seemed to be noninferior to standard antidepressant interventions (CR: n = 230, control n = 235). CR was more effective when addressing hot (vs. cold) cognition, when involving younger patients (i.e., <30 years), and in the case of mild‐moderate (vs. severe) depression. Conclusions CR should be considered an augmentation treatment to improve treatment outcomes in depressed subjects, especially among young individuals. Interventions addressing hot cognition seem to be the most promising.

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Computerized cognitive training in young adults with depressive symptoms: Effects on mood, cognition, and everyday functioning

Cited by 37 publications

References 53 publications

A Hot-Cold Cognitive Model of Depression: Integrating the Neuropsychological Approach Into the Cognitive Theory Framework

A Hot-Cold Cognitive Model of Depression: Integrating the Neuropsychological Approach Into the Cognitive Theory Framework

Testing the Mechanism of Action of Computerized Cognitive Training in Young Adults with Depression: Protocol for a Blinded, Randomized, Controlled Treatment Trial

What role for cognitive remediation in the treatment of depressive symptoms? A superiority and noninferiority meta‐analysis for clinicians

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