Computerized reconstruction of TEM examined pulpal blood vessels and nerves

Abstract

Five healthy premolars were used for transmission electron microscopy examination and three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of pulpal blood vessels and their surrounding nerves. Serial Epon thin sections were taken from specimens. After a series of preprocessing steps that included digitization, contrast enhancement, slice alignment, segmentation and interpolation, three dimensional surface representation was performed using the triangulation method. The findings showed that vessels were usually accompanied by a number of myelinated and unmyelinated nerves. The nerves shared a more or less common course with the vessels. Small arteries presented greater number of nerves in their vicinity, compared to small veins. In the sections examined, no direct contact between the nerve trunks and the wall of the vessels was found; the closest distance measured was approximately 67 microns. The common course of vessels and nerves suggested autonomic innervation on part of the myelinated axons.

Morphological characterization of in vitro expanded human dental pulp-derived stem cells

“…Most of them pointed to the blood and lymphatic vessels and nerves under normal conditions (Ueki et al 1995;Lyroudia et al 1995), as well as in cases of acute inflamed dental pulp (Zhang et al 2000) or in case of periodontitis (Deva et al 2006). In light microscopic level the cultured HDPSCs have spindle-shape morphology (described also by Suchanek et al 2009), similar to fibroblasts from connective tis- Fig.…”

Immunostaining of Pulpal Nerve Fibre Bundle/Arteriole Associations in Ground Serial Sections of Whole Human Teeth Embedded in Technovit® 9100

“…There are several common receptor ligand guidance systems provoking the coordinated outgrowth of vessels and nerves during ontogenesis and repair [Shima and Mailhos, 2000;Mukouyama et al, 2002;Gelfand et al, 2009;Larrivee et al, 2009]. The unusual finding in our study and in the investigations of Lyroudia et al [1993Lyroudia et al [ , 1994 is that arterioles may be more or less totally embedded in large nerve bundles with a predominance of myelinated fibres. These fibres clearly do not belong to the autonomous nervous system, although they may be accompanied by unmyelinated autonomous fibres.…”

“…These authors attempted a 3-dimensional reconstruction of vessels and nerves in short segments of fully erupted human teeth, but did not investigate an entire pulp in situ. The light and electron microscopical evidence provided by Graf and Björlin [1951], Pischinger and Stockinger [1968] and Lyroudia et al [1993Lyroudia et al [ , 1994 clearly shows that human pulp arterioles are surrounded by a mixture of myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibres, which is typical of peripheral nerves. This finding corresponds to our results, although we diagnose myelination by morphology, as staining for S-100 does not permit a precise differentiation among myelinated and non-myelinated fibres.…”

“…However, only some older non-immunohistological studies [Graf and Björlin, 1951;Engstöm and Öhmann, 1960;Pischinger and Stockinger, 1968;Dahl and Mjör, 1973] comment on arterioles and myelinated nerves. With respect to our study, the most relevant work is that of Lyroudia et al [1993Lyroudia et al [ , 1994. These authors attempted a 3-dimensional reconstruction of vessels and nerves in short segments of fully erupted human teeth, but did not investigate an entire pulp in situ.…”

Morphologic analysis of C-shaped root using 3-D reconstruction

“…본 실험에서 사용된 3차원 재구성법을 이용한 방법은 초 보적인 단계이긴 하지만 이미 기형치의 형태분석 15) 과 2개의 C자 형태의 하악 대구치의 형태분석 14) 에 사용된 바 있으며, 치아 외부, 내부와 종, 횡단면의 다양한 형태학적 분석과 치 아 모델을 여러 각도로 회전시켜 여러 각도에서의 관찰이 가능하여 보다 정확한 분석이 될 수 있다는 장점을 갖고 있 다 11) . 이 외에도 치수혈관과 신경의 연구에도 이 방법이 사 용되었다 [31][32][33] . 26) .…”