Computerized simulation of solute–particle vaporization in an inductively coupled plasma

Horner, Julie A.; Chan, George C.-Y.; Lehn, Scott A.; Hieftje, Gary M.

doi:10.1016/j.sab.2007.11.004

Cited by 28 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…[50][51][52] The ICP conditions for simulation in Fig. The calculation of the rate constants of particle vaporization is based on the combination of heat-transfer and mass-transferlimited vaporization rate models.…”

Section: Nonlinear Calibration Curve Due To Incomplete Vaporizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Calibration of single-particle inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (SP-ICP-MS)

Lee

Chan

2015

J. Anal. At. Spectrom.

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We have identified incomplete particle vaporization and non-linear detector response as the major factors that cause the non-linearity of SP-ICP-MS measurements at high particle mass. The contribution of incomplete vaporization to the deviation from the linearity of the ICP-MS intensity is estimated using a mathematical model of particle vaporization. The non-linear detector response in the pulse-counting mode is due to the overlapping of the analyte ions at the detector within the 40 ns dead time of the electron multiplier. The overlap can be severe because of the relatively short pulse duration of 300 ms of the ion plumes of the discrete sample particles. The non-linear detector response has been modeled using Poisson statistics. We have also examined the applicability of calibration methods based on the standard particles, discrete standard solution droplets, and continuous nebulization of standard solution. The standard-solution calibration method requires linear calibration curves. The method may also suffer from errors due to the difference in the sensitivity of the standard solution and sample particles.Calibration using standard particles and discrete standard solution droplets do not have these limitations.

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Section: Nonlinear Calibration Curve Due To Incomplete Vaporizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[50][51][52] The boiling point determines the starting position of particle vaporization in the ICP. In the heat-transfer and mass-transfer-limited vaporization mechanisms, the vaporization rate depends on the molecular weight of the analyte and the density of the particle.…”

Section: Simulated Calibration Curvesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calibration of single-particle inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (SP-ICP-MS)

Lee

Chan

2015

J. Anal. At. Spectrom.

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“…The temperature of the particles during the melting process is constant at the melting point. The time required for this process is calculated using [27].…”

Section: Particle Meltingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulated and Experimental Study of Single Particle Measurement Using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry

Gong¹,

Wang²,

Yang³

et al. 2019

JAMP

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A droplet carrying particle is desolvation, vaporization, ionization, and diffusion in an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) to form a cloud of ions. It then is detected as a mass-spectrum peak of individual particle. The diameter of the particle is derived from its mass, which is calibrated using the peak area. This is the basic principle of measuring single particles using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). In this paper, a mathematical model describing single particles in plasma is investigated. This makes it possible to investigate the process and contributing factors of single particles measurement by ICP-MS. A series of processes are investigated, which include increasing the droplet temperature to the boiling point, desolvation of the droplets, increasing the particle temperature to the melting point, the particles are melted from a solid to the liquid, increasing the particle temperature to the boiling point, and particle vaporization. The simulation shows that both the atomic (ion) diffusion in the plasma and the incomplete vaporization of the particles are two important factors that limit the signal intensity of the particle's mass spectrum. The experiment reveals that ICP-MS is very linear for Ag nanoparticles below 100 nm and SiO 2 particles below 1000 nm. Both the simulation and experiment reveal the measurement deviation for large particles and that an increase of sampling depth can extend the diffusion time and cause signal suppression. The model can be used to study the mechanisms of monodispersed droplet or single-particle mass spectrometry, analyze the contributing parameters for single particle measurements by ICP-MS and provide a theoretical base for the optimization of single particle measurements in the practical application, such as nanoparticle devices, magnetic materials, biomedical materials additives and consumer products.

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“…It was suggested that it could be attributed to an incomplete vaporization of nanoparticles in the argon plasma or to detection difficulties 26 . Nanoparticle vaporization in the argon plasma can be viewed as a two-stage process: the heat transfer from plasma to particle and the mass transfer from the particle to the plasma 28,29 . In mass transfer limited vaporization, vaporization is controlled by material removal rate from the nanoparticle surface.…”

Section: Calibrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution to Accurate Spherical Gold Nanoparticle Size Determination by Single-Particle Inductively Coupled Mass Spectrometry: A Comparison with Small-Angle X-ray Scattering

et al. 2018

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Small-angle X-ray scattering spectroscopy (SAXS) is the method of choice for nanoparticle diameter and concentration determination. On the one hand, it is metrologically traceable for spherical nanoparticle mean diameter determination and does not require any sample preparation or calibration. On the other hand, single-particle inductively coupled mass spectrometry (SPICPMS) is still under development and requires involved process clarification and accuracy improvement. The strategy of this study is the comparison of the two techniques to study comprehensively SPICPMS performance and observe phenomena otherwise hidden. Six spherical gold nanoparticle suspensions distributed over a large size range (30, 50, 60, 80,100, and 150 nm) are studied as calibration points. Potential matrix effects are eliminated by stabilizing nanoparticles with chitosan in HCl. Chitosan encapsulates nanoparticles, stabilizes their dispersion, and protects them from dissolution. Detection counting/analogue threshold and timeout appear as the relevant parameters for transient signals. They show an influence not only on mean signal but also on signal distribution. The detection tuning proposed allows to linearly calibrate the nanoparticle distribution signal to cubed diameter over the entire range studied with no sensitivity diminution. Comparing the three classical transport efficiency methods, size transport efficiency is shown as the most accurate. The new procedure is validated analyzing three gold nanoparticle suspensions (135, 40, and 50 nm). The results are consistent with SAXS measurements.

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Computerized simulation of solute–particle vaporization in an inductively coupled plasma

Cited by 28 publications

References 35 publications

Calibration of single-particle inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (SP-ICP-MS)

Calibration of single-particle inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (SP-ICP-MS)

Simulated and Experimental Study of Single Particle Measurement Using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry

Contribution to Accurate Spherical Gold Nanoparticle Size Determination by Single-Particle Inductively Coupled Mass Spectrometry: A Comparison with Small-Angle X-ray Scattering

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