Computing an Exact Confidence Interval for the Common Odds Ratio in Several 2×2 Contingency Tables

Association of allergic contact dermatitis with a promoter polymorphism in the IL16 gene

“…Difference in genotype frequencies were investigated by using an exact χ 2 test of independence. In addition, differences in grouped genotypes were described by using odds ratios and exact 95% CIs, 25 with exploratory P values from the exact test by Fisher.…”

Association of Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Anal Human Papillomavirus Infection Among Homosexual Men

“…Odds ratios were used to estimate the association between detection of HPV DNA and sérologie evidence of HIV, with the significance of this association being measured by the x2 testConfidence limits for the odds ratio were obtained by using Cornfield's approximation as described by Fleiss.21 For tables containing small numbers, exact limits were calculated on the ba¬ sis of an algorithm by Mehta et al 22 Adjustments for potential confounders were made by the use of multiple logistic regression analyses,23 in which the presence or absence of HIV was the de¬ pendent variable and detection of HPV DNA and potential confounders were the independent variables.…”

Is bioarchaeology a handmaiden to history? Developing a historical bioarchaeology

“…None of the samples displayed marked dental attrition, which may obliterate DEHs near the incisal edge (Cook, 1981, p. 135). DEH frequencies were compared between individuals in subgroup defined at each site (QAIA: Greco-Roman vs. no Greco-Roman artifacts; Rehovot: North Church vs. northern cemetery burials) and between the two sites using Fisher's exact mean statistic for categorical data, which provides a more robust estimate for small samples than the Chi-square statistic (Mehta et al, 1985;Siegel, 1956). Additionally, the p-values for multiple comparisons between QAIA and Rehovot and all regional sites were adjusted using Sidak's method to control for familywise error (Sidak, 1967).…”