“…In 2007, the co-operation between medical and surgical vascular, cardiovascular, vascular radiology and cardiology societies produced a consensus document on peripheral arterial disease, where ACT monitoring for UFH effect was recommended [ 1 ]. Yet, the utility of ACT measurement is still debated, with viewpoints for and against published recently [ 13 , 14 ]. Universal guidelines on ACT target levels, however, remain a challenge, as different devices are known to differ in their sensitivities to heparin as well as to patient-related confounders (e.g., Hgb, fibrinogen, FVIII levels, other anticoagulants) [ 15 ].…”