Concentrated electrolytes unlock the full energy potential of potassium-sulfur battery chemistry

Wang, Lu; Bao, Jingze; Liu, Qin; Sun, Chuan‐Fu

doi:10.1016/j.ensm.2018.10.004

Cited by 85 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…After that, limited follow‐up work was reported until 2017 and 2018 due to the severe intrinsic challenges brought about by the use of the potassium‐metal anode and the sulfur cathode, such as high cathode resistance, fast active‐material loss, and electrochemical instability (Table ) . In order to address these challenges, current research has mainly focused on confining sulfur within the porous carbon host and bonding sulfur as sulfur‐polyacrylonitrile compounds . There two methods have been deeply studied in lithium–sulfur research, demonstrating the ability to provide facile transport of electrons and ions in the cathode and a strong ability to chemically trap sulfur species for improved stability and reactivity …”

Section: Metal–sulfur Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The proposed conversion reactions in potassium–sulfur cells fabricated with sulfur/carbon composite cathodes involve the phase transition from sulfur to K 2 S 3 when the cathode accepts potassium ions through the electrolyte and electrons through the external electrical circuit. In between sulfur and K 2 S 3 , potassium polysulfides (K 2 S x , x = 4–6) are formed . K 2 S 2 and K 2 S are difficult to form as the end‐discharge products due to the incomplete reduction for K 2 S 3 to reduce its sulfur chains.…”

Section: Metal–sulfur Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The redox reactions of the intermediate potassium sulfides involve the phase transformations from sulfur to K 2 S x (with x = 3–6) . Specifically, as the cell is discharged to ≈2.1 V, high‐order potassium polysulfides (K 2 S x , x = 5–6) are generated that can readily dissolve in commonly used ether‐based electrolytes.…”

Section: Metal–sulfur Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Current Status and Future Prospects of Metal–Sulfur Batteries

Chung¹,

Manthiram²

2019

Advanced Materials

497

415

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that makes use of intercalation materials as the electrodes (Figure 1), applications involving electric vehicles and smart grids may require rechargeable batteries with new battery chemistries that can generate even higher energy densities for longer driving ranges and higher energy-storage capabilities. [6][7][8] Additionally, the lithiated transition-metal oxides used in commercial lithium-ion battery cathodes tend to be expensive, scarce, or toxic to the environment. Thus, it is desirable to explore new electrode materials that are naturally abundant (and therefore less expensive) as well as environmentally compatible in order to successfully enter the future battery markets. [6,[8][9][10][11] This driving force has promoted the development of batteries with conversionreaction electrodes, in which reversible electrochemical reactions take place and new chemical compounds form during the cycling of the battery. Naturally abundant materials, such as sulfur for the cathode, can be applied as electrodes. Different metallic anodes have shown great potential in coupling with sulfur cathode to generate a high energy density, including lithium metal [3,10,[12][13][14][15][16][17]31] as well as other alkali [18][19][20][21][22][23][24]31] and high-valent metals. [18,[25][26][27][28][29][30][31] As a next-generation energy-storage technology beyond lithium-ion batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries are the most promising low-cost, high-capacity energy-storage device available due to their high charge-storage capacity, low cost, and the wide availability of sulfur. [32][33][34][35] The electrochemical reactions of lithium-sulfur batteries involve reversible conversions between sulfur (S 8 ), lithium polysulfides (Li 2 S x , x = 4-8), and lithium sulfides (Li 2 S 2 and Li 2 S). [33][34][35][36] The conversions between sulfur and lithium polysulfides and lithium sulfides involve phase changes between liquid-state polysulfides and solid-state sulfur and sulfides. [35][36][37][38][39][40] Thus, the conversion reaction of lithium-sulfur battery chemistry has no restriction in maintaining the initial crystal chemistry of the electrode during electrochemical cycling. [39][40][41][42] Therefore, a full twoelectron redox reaction per sulfur atom can occur in a manner that is both reversible and stable, increasing the chargestorage capacity drastically as compared to the currently used insertion-reaction oxide cathodes. [7,[39][40][41][42] As a result, sulfur cathodes possess a high theoretical charge-storage capacity of 1672 mA h g −1 , which is the highest value among solid-state Lithium-sulfur batteries are a major focus of academic and industrial energystorage research due to their high theoretical energy density and the use of low-cost materials. The high energy density results from the conversion mechanism that lithium-sulfur cells utilize. The sulfur cathode, being naturally abundant and environmentally friendly, makes lithium-sulfur batteries a potential next-generation energy-storage technology. The current state of the rese...

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Section: Metal–sulfur Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Metal–sulfur Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Current Status and Future Prospects of Metal–Sulfur Batteries

Chung¹,

Manthiram²

2019

Advanced Materials

497

415

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It is because of the abundance of potassium resource, the nontoxic nature, and its low cost . However, the development of PIB is not without limitation because of the lack of suitable electrode materials that can reversibly store the relatively large size K‐ions . In this study, we prepared the ultrathin rhenium diselenide (ReSe 2 ) nanosheets that could be evenly anchored on the reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanoflakes by a facile hydrothermal method.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3][4] However, the development of PIB is not without limitation because of the lack of suitable electrode materials that can reversibly store the relatively large size K-ions. [5][6][7][8][9][10] In this study, we prepared the ultrathin rhenium diselenide (ReSe 2 ) nanosheets that could be evenly anchored on the reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanoflakes by a facile hydrothermal method. The ReSe 2 @rGO was then used as the anode material for the PIBs.The stable 1T phase ReSe 2 is a member of the transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) family.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Rhenium Diselenide Anchored on Reduced Graphene Oxide as Anode with Cyclic Stability for Potassium‐Ion Battery

Yang

et al. 2019

Physica Rapid Research Ltrs

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An effective route is developed to fabricate ultrathin rhenium diselenide (ReSe2) nanosheets anchored on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanoflakes (ReSe2@rGO). When the ReSe2@rGO is used as an anode material in the potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs), the graphene offers a conductive matrix to buffer the volume alteration during repeated K+ insertion/extraction cycles. The stable interfacial connection between ReSe2 and graphene greatly promotes the integration of the active ReSe2 nanosheets, preventing their agglomeration. At the same time, these ultrathin nanosheets shorten the ion/electron diffusion path, leading to stable cyclic performance. As a result, the ReSe2@rGO anode enhances the electrochemical performance of the as‐synthesized PIB with a high specific capacity of over 250 mAh g−1 at a current density of 500 mA g−1 even after 200 cycles. Excellent rate performance and lengthy cyclic performance with 150 mAh g−1 at 2 A g−1 are also observed even after 500 cycles.

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A Progress Report on Metal–Sulfur Batteries

Manthiram

2020

Adv Funct Materials

106

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Nonaqueous conversion-reaction sulfur chemistry has been attracting increasing attention over the past decade for the development of nextgeneration lithium-based batteries. Li-S batteries are currently approaching a nexus stage from lab-scale experiments to possible pragmatic applications. Inspired by the success of Li-S chemistry, other metal-sulfur batteries with a variety of metallic anodes, such as sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, and aluminum, have also started to attract attention. In comparison to lithium, Na, Mg, Al, K, and Ca are naturally more abundant and affordable.

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Concentrated electrolytes unlock the full energy potential of potassium-sulfur battery chemistry

Cited by 85 publications

References 27 publications

Current Status and Future Prospects of Metal–Sulfur Batteries

Current Status and Future Prospects of Metal–Sulfur Batteries

Rhenium Diselenide Anchored on Reduced Graphene Oxide as Anode with Cyclic Stability for Potassium‐Ion Battery

A Progress Report on Metal–Sulfur Batteries

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