Concentrating technologies with reactor integration and effect of process variables on solar assisted pyrolysis: A critical review

Rahman, M.A.; Parvej, Abdul Mojid; Aziz, Mohammad Abdul

doi:10.1016/j.tsep.2021.100957

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 140 publications

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“…The design of plasma reactors and the selection of plasma design are important considerations in the implementation of this technology. Optimizing processes, including factors such as current supplied, temperature, and feed flow rate, plays a crucial role in achieving efficient and sustainable waste management [92]. The invention of plasma pyrolysis devices, with features such as ionization and activation of the processing medium, high-temperature plasma arc processing, and ease of obtaining target products, further enhances the potential of this technology [57].…”

Section: Challenges and Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Treatment of Spent Photovoltaic Solar Panels Using Plasma Pyrolysis Technology and Its Economic Significance

Chiang,

Han,

Claire

et al. 2024

Clean Technol.

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In the past few decades, the solar energy market has increased significantly, with an increasing number of photovoltaic (PV) modules being deployed around the world each year. Some believe that these PV modules have a lifespan of around 25–30 years. As their lifetime is limited, solar panels wind up in the waste stream after their end of life (EoL). Several ecological challenges are associated with their inappropriate disposal due to the presence of hazardous heavy metals (HMs). Some studies have reported different treatment technologies, including pyrolysis, stabilization, physical separation, landfill, and the use of chemicals. Each proposed treatment technique pollutes the environment and underutilizes the potential resources present in discarded solar panels (DSPs). This review recommends thermal plasma pyrolysis as a promising treatment technology. This process will have significant advantages, such as preventing toxic HMs from contaminating the soil and groundwater, reducing the amount of e-waste from DSPs in an environmentally friendly and economical way, and allows the utilization of the valuable resources contained in EoL photovoltaic solar panel modules by converting them into hydrogen-rich syngas to generate thermal energy, electricity, and non-leachable slag that can be used as an additive in other treatment processes or as a conditioner to improve soil properties. However, plasma pyrolysis uses a high temperature to break down waste materials, a challenge which can be offset by the integration of this process in anaerobic digestion (AD), as the slag from plasma pyrolysis can be used as an additive in AD treatments to produce high yields of biogas and improve nutrient recovery. Moreover, the produced energy from both processes can operate the entire plant in which they take place and increase the net energy production, a resource which can be sold for an additional income. Future challenges and recommendations are also highlighted.

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Section: Challenges and Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Treatment of Spent Photovoltaic Solar Panels Using Plasma Pyrolysis Technology and Its Economic Significance

Chiang,

Han,

Claire

et al. 2024

Clean Technol.

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“…Schematic of solar pyrolysis processes with carbonaceous feedstocks and process products, adopted from Ref. [74].…”

Section: Solar-assisted Pyrolysis Of Ligninmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges and Perspectives of the Conversion of Lignin Waste to High-Value Chemicals by Pyrolysis

Tan,

Li,

Chen

et al. 2024

Processes

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The pyrolysis process is a thermochemical conversion reaction that encompasses an intricate array of simultaneous and competitive reactions occurring in oxygen-depleted conditions. The final products of biomass pyrolysis are bio-oil, biochar, and some gases, with their proportions determined by the pyrolysis reaction conditions and technological pathways. Typically, low-temperature slow pyrolysis (reaction temperature below 500 °C) primarily yields biochar, while high-temperature fast pyrolysis (reaction temperature 700–1100 °C) mainly produces combustible gases. In the case of medium-temperature rapid pyrolysis (reaction temperature around 500–650 °C), conducted at very high heating rates and short vapor residence times (usually less than 1 s), the maximum liquid yield can reach up to 85 wt% (on a wet basis) or achieve 70 wt% (on a dry basis), with bio-oil being the predominant product. By employing the pyrolysis technique, valuable utilization of tobacco stem waste enriched with lignin can be achieved, resulting in the production of desired pyrolysis products such as transportation fuels, bio-oil, and ethanol. The present review focuses on catalytic pyrolysis, encompassing catalytic hydropyrolysis and catalytic co-pyrolysis, and meticulously compares the impact of catalyst structure on product distribution. Initially, we provide a comprehensive overview of the recent pyrolysis mechanism of lignin and tobacco waste. Subsequently, an in-depth analysis is presented, elucidating how to effectively design the catalyst structure to facilitate the efficient conversion of lignin through pyrolysis. Lastly, we delve into other innovative pyrolysis methods, including microwave-assisted and solar-assisted pyrolysis.

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“…The basic principle of solar pyrolysis is quite simple. Solar radiation is used to heat a reactor, and pyrolysis occurs in an inert environment [79]. This can be performed by using different types of concentrators and reactor configurations; for example, using parabolic dishes or parabolic troughs [79,80].…”

Section: Solar Pyrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, less environmental pollution is generated because no feedstock is used to produce the heat needed for pyrolysis [81]. According to Rahman et al [79] this means that as much as 32.4% less CO 2 is formed during pyrolysis compared to fast pyrolysis. The CO 2 reduction could be as much as 62% compared to conventional pyrolysis, according to Giwa et al [83].…”

Section: Solar Pyrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Pyrolysis Technologies and the Effect of Process Parameters on Biocarbon Properties

Pahnila,

Koskela,

Sulasalmi

et al. 2023

Energies

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Biomass-based solutions have been discussed as having the potential to replace fossil-based solutions in the iron and steel industry. To produce the biocarbon required in these processes, thermochemical treatment, pyrolysis, typically takes place. There are various ways to produce biocarbon, alongside other products, which are called pyrolysis oil and pyrolysis gas. These conversion methods can be divided into conventional and non-conventional methods. In this paper, those techniques and technologies to produce biocarbon are summarized and reviewed. Additionally, the effect of different process parameters and their effect on biocarbon yield and properties are summarized. The process parameters considered were final pyrolysis temperature, heating rate, reaction atmosphere, pressure, catalyst, use of binders, and particle size. Finally, the effect of different reactor configurations is discussed. Understanding the combination of these methods, technology parameters, and reactor configurations will help to produce biocarbon with the desired quality and highest yield possible.

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Concentrating technologies with reactor integration and effect of process variables on solar assisted pyrolysis: A critical review

Cited by 15 publications

References 140 publications

Sustainable Treatment of Spent Photovoltaic Solar Panels Using Plasma Pyrolysis Technology and Its Economic Significance

Sustainable Treatment of Spent Photovoltaic Solar Panels Using Plasma Pyrolysis Technology and Its Economic Significance

Challenges and Perspectives of the Conversion of Lignin Waste to High-Value Chemicals by Pyrolysis

A Review of Pyrolysis Technologies and the Effect of Process Parameters on Biocarbon Properties

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