Concentration and deposition of trace metals in Ontario-1982

Chan, Walter H.; Tang, Al J.S.; Chung, David; Lusis, M.A.

doi:10.1007/bf00283444

Cited by 43 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In samples from US (Delaware and New Hampshire) and Canada (Ontario) the annual mean Ni concentrations exhibited a limited variability (0.56-0.79 μg/L) (Chan et al, 1986;Barrie et al, 1987;Feng et al, 2000). Rainwater samples collected over the period [1985][1986][1987][1988][1989][1990] in remote regions of the Atlantic Ocean were found to have Ni levels between 0.63 and 1.42 μg/L (Helmers and Schrems, 1995).…”

Section: Nickel In Water Bodiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on the risks to public health related to the presence of nickel in food and drinking water

Publication¹

2015

EFS2

119

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EFSA received a request from the Hellenic Food Authority (EFET) for a scientific opinion on the risk to human health from the presence of nickel (Ni) in food, particularly in vegetables. The EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM Panel) decided to extend the risk assessment also to drinking water. The reproductive and developmental toxicity in experimental animals was selected as the critical effect for the assessment of chronic effects of Ni. A tolerable daily intake of 2.8 µg Ni/kg body weight (b.w.) per day was derived from a lower 95 % confidence limit for a benchmark dose at 10 % extra risk (BMDL 10 ) of 0.28 mg/kg b.w. for post-implantation fetal loss in rats. The current dietary exposure to Ni raises concern when considering the mean and 95th percentile chronic exposure levels for all different age groups. The systemic contact dermatitis (SCD) elicited in Ni-sensitive humans after oral exposure to Ni was selected as the critical effect suitable for the assessment of acute effects of Ni. A lowest BMDL 10 of 1.1 µg Ni/kg b.w. was derived for the incidence of SCD following oral exposure to Ni of human volunteers. The CONTAM Panel applied a margin of exposure (MOE) approach and considered an MOE of 10 to be indicative of a low health concern. The MOEs calculated considering the estimated mean and the 95th percentile acute exposure levels were considerably below 10 for all age groups. Overall, the CONTAM Panel concluded that, at the current levels of acute dietary exposure to Ni, there is a concern that Ni-sensitized individuals may develop eczematous flare-up skin reactions. The CONTAM Panel noted the need for mechanistic studies to assess the human relevance of the effects on reproduction and development observed in experimental animals and for additional studies on human absorption of nickel from food, for example in combination with duplicate diet studies. Following a call for data on Ni levels in food and drinking water (water intended for human consumption and mineral waters), a total of 18 885 food samples and 25 700 drinking water samples were available in the final dataset to estimate dietary exposure to nickel. No speciation data were provided. Samples were collected between 2003 and 2012 in 15 different European countries, with almost 80 % of the total collected in one Member State. The most reported analytical methods were inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), that represented 54 % and 42 % of the methods reported, respectively. The highest sensitivity was reported for the analysis of drinking water with a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.001 µg/L (for both ICP-MS and AAS). In food, ICP-MS showed the lowest LOQ for the analysis of 'Alcoholic beverages' (0.002 µg/kg) while the lowest LOQ reported with AAS was 1 µg/kg for samples of 'Fish and seafood' and 'Sugar and confectionery'. In the final dataset, left-censored data represented 66 % of the analytical results, with 35 % in food samples and 89 % in drinking water sa...

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Section: Nickel In Water Bodiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on the risks to public health related to the presence of nickel in food and drinking water

Publication¹

2015

EFS2

119

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“…Except NO 3 − and K + , WD fluxes of the all the ionic components were higher than the DD fluxes at Pashan, Bhosari and Sinhagad. It is reported that the WD fluxes are proportional to the precipitation amounts and hence the WD will be higher than DD (Galloway, 1985;Chan et al, 1986;Mosello et al, 1988). The dominant ion in the DD was underlying surfaces (canopies, soils, water, etc).…”

Section: Ph and Ionic Composition Of Wet And Dry Depositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric Wet and Dry Depositions of Ions over an Urban Location in South-West India

Budhavant

Rao

Safai

et al. 2012

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Wet deposition (WD) and Dry deposition (DD) samples were collected during a period of 4 year (2006 to 2009) + is higher (64-80%) than the DD flux at three locations and slightly lower (48%) at a high altitude location. In case of sea salt (Na and Cl), WD fluxes were higher (63-90%) than the DD fluxes at all the four locations. The dominant ion in DD was NO 3 − at Pashan (semi-urban) and Sinhagad (high altitude), Ca 2+ at Swargate (traffic junction) and SO 4 2− at Bhosari (industrial). The difference in deposition fluxes between the four sites was attributed to the effect of the local sources. Deposition velocities of SO 4 2− and NH 4 + were < 1 cm/s while Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , Na + , K + , NO 3 − , and Cl − exhibited deposition velocities ≥ 1 cm/s. At one of the sites Pashan, where the earlier data is available; DD rates showed increase in all the chemical components, except for NH 4 + after a period of about 2 decades.

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“…, 2003 and the impacts of point-source emissions (e.g., Nriagu et al 1998), there is less interest in measuring ambient concentrations and concentrations related to non-point-source contamination (McKeague and Wolynetz 1980). Chan et al (1986) reported atmospheric deposition (wet and dry) of some metals for 1982 in southern Ontario. Converting their data to concentration increment over 10 yr, (mg kg (1 10 a (1 , assuming 2 )10 6 kg soil ha…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Trace elements in Ontario soils - mobility, concentration profiles, and evidence of non-point-source pollution

Sheppard¹,

Grant²,

Drury³

2009

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

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. 2009. Trace elements in Ontario soils Á mobility, concentration profiles, and evidence of non-point-source pollution. Can. J. Soil Sci. 89: 489Á499. Agricultural soils are the recipients of trace elements from general atmospheric pollution and from agricultural inputs such as fertilizer, feeds and urban biosolids. These input fluxes are usually small, and there are processes such as leaching and crop off-take to counterbalance the trace element inputs. Thus, it is difficult to evaluate the changes of trace element concentrations in agricultural soils. This paper examined a survey of 59 soil profiles in Southern Ontario, combining analysis of Â50 elements in three soil depths and corresponding measurements of the soil solid/liquid partition coefficient, Kd. The profile data were adjusted for yttrium concentrations to account for vertical particle migration. Increased concentration in the surface profile relative to the subsurface was considered an indication of enrichment, indicating the possible effects of human activity. For most elements, the surface (0Á15 cm) and subsoils (30Á60 cm) had similar concentrations. The notable exceptions were Cd, Pb, Sb, Se, Nb, U, and Zn, where surface soils had 1.4-to 2.2-fold higher concentrations than subsoils. Most of these increases can be attributed to human activity. Additional interpretation using the Kd data was useful to identify Ba and Mo as potentially among the contaminant elements. Surface soil concentrations of these elements were not markedly elevated compared with the subsoil, but their Kd values indicated that they were sufficiently mobile that depletion would be expected. Thus, perhaps continued input has supported the concentrations of Ba and Mo in the surface soils. Both are noted contaminants in dust from urban sources. Thus, the results show that several elements that are often of concern because of environmental toxicity or health impacts are at elevated concentrations in agricultural soils, and because these are rural locations the implication is that this has resulted from non-point-source pollution.

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Concentration and deposition of trace metals in Ontario-1982

Cited by 43 publications

References 11 publications

Scientific Opinion on the risks to public health related to the presence of nickel in food and drinking water

Scientific Opinion on the risks to public health related to the presence of nickel in food and drinking water

Atmospheric Wet and Dry Depositions of Ions over an Urban Location in South-West India

Trace elements in Ontario soils - mobility, concentration profiles, and evidence of non-point-source pollution

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