Concentration and distribution characteristics of airborne fungi in indoor and outdoor air of Tehran subway stations

Hoseini, Mohammad; Jabbari, H.; Naddafi, Kazem; Nabizadeh, Ramin; Rahbar, Mohammad; Yunesian, Masud; Jaafari, Jalil

doi:10.1007/s10453-012-9285-8

Cited by 42 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Before the air sampling, the head was cleaned with 70% alcohol [13]. The Petri dishes were closed and delivered to the Central Laboratory of Public Health School, Tehran University of Medical Sciences.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal air quality in hospital rooms: a case study in Tehran, Iran

Azimi

Naddafi

Nabizadeh

et al. 2013

J Environ Health Sci Engineer

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Fungi are usually presented in indoor environments and cause of many diseases. The aim of this descriptive study was to investigate the level of fungal contamination in hospital rooms. Sampling was conducted with an Andersen one-stage viable impactor (Quick Take-30) and counting plates containing a fungus-selective medium. A total of 120 air samples from ten hospital environments were performed. Airborne fungi concentrations were determined 72-120 hours after sampling. Total mean concentration of detected fungi in the hospital rooms was 55 ± 56 (mean ± SD) cfu/m3. The findings of the fungal concentration in the various hospital rooms revealed different levels of contamination: the lowest mean counts (37 ± 17 cfu/m3) were observed in NS 1 (Nursing Stations 1), and the highest (97 ± 217 cfu/m3) were reported in Orthopedics Operating Room (OOR). The most common fungal genus isolated were Penicillium (70%), Aspergillus (14%), Cladosporium (12%), Alternaria (2%) and others (2%). The obtained results showed that fungal concentrations in the present study were nearly high and these conditions should be considered as a risk factor for patients and other persons in the hospital.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal air quality in hospital rooms: a case study in Tehran, Iran

Azimi

Naddafi

Nabizadeh

et al. 2013

J Environ Health Sci Engineer

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“…On the one hand, bioaerosol emissions during peak hours are much higher than those during off-peak hours [190,192,193,204,208], and concentrations in spring are higher than those in winter, which may correlate to higher outside temperatures and snow melting [196,202]. Meanwhile, the number of passengers and frequencies of trains may increase concentrations and transmissions of subway microbes [191,192,194,202,206,209,210]. Additionally, Heo and Lee suggested that concentrations of bacterial aerosols were affected by the number of passengers, but fungal aerosols were slightly affected by seasonal changes and human activities [211].…”

Section: Bioaerosolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental and Health Effects of Ventilation in Subway Stations: A Literature Review

Wen

Leng

Shen

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Environmental health in subway stations, a typical type of urban underground space, is becoming increasingly important. Ventilation is the principal measure for optimizing the complex physical environment in a subway station. This paper narratively reviews the environmental and health effects of subway ventilation and discusses the relevant engineering, environmental, and medical aspects in combination. Ventilation exerts a notable dual effect on environmental health in a subway station. On the one hand, ventilation controls temperature, humidity, and indoor air quality to ensure human comfort and health. On the other hand, ventilation also carries the potential risks of spreading air pollutants or fire smoke through the complex wind environment as well as produces continuous noise. Assessment and management of health risks associated with subway ventilation is essential to attain a healthy subway environment. This, however, requires exposure, threshold data, and thereby necessitates more research into long-term effects, and toxicity as well as epidemiological studies. Additionally, more research is needed to further examine the design and maintenance of ventilation systems. An understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms and aerodynamic characteristics of various pollutants can help formulate ventilation strategies to reduce pollutant concentrations. Moreover, current comprehensive underground space development affords a possibility for creating flexible spaces that optimize ventilation efficiency, acoustic comfort, and space perception.

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“…The collected bacterial samples were incubated at 35 ± 0.5°C temperature for 24-48 h (Heo et al 2014) while fungal samples at 20-28°C for 3-7 days (Hoseini et al 2013), respectively. The bioaerosol concentration was expressed as colony forming units per cubic meter of air (CFU/m 3 ) after the standard positive-hole correction method was taken into account to statistically correct the counting (Ponce-Caballero et al 2013).…”

Section: Microbial Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Ambient bioaerosol distribution and associated health risks at a high traffic density junction at Dehradun city, India

Madhwal

Prabhu

Sundriyal

et al. 2020

Environ Monit Assess

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Traffic junctions are one of the crowded places where commuters are at high risk of developing respiratory infections, due to their greater exposure to airborne and human transmitted microbial pathogens. An airborne bioaerosol assessment study was carried out at a high traffic density junction focusing on their concentration, contribution in respirable particulate matter (PM), and factors influencing the distribution and microbial diversity. Andersen six-stage viable cascade impactor and a wide-range aerosol spectrometer were used for microbial and particulate matter measurements, respectively. Statistical analysis was conducted to evaluate the relationship between bioaerosol concentration, vehicular count, PM concentration, and meteorological parameters. The mean bacteria concentration (1962.95 ± 651.85 CFU/m 3 ) was significantly different than fungi (1118.95 ± 428.34 CFU/m 3 ) (p < 0.05). The temporal distribution showed maximum concentration for bacteria and fungi during monsoon and postmonsoon seasons, respectively. In terms of bioaerosol loading, a considerable fraction of fungi (3.25%) and bacteria (5.65%) contributed to the total airborne PM. Most abundant bioaerosols were Aspergillus (27.58%), Penicillium (23%), and Cladosporium (14.05%) (fungi), and Micrococcus (25.73%), Staphylococcus (17.98%), and Bacillus (13.8%) (bacteria). Trafficinduced roadside soil resuspension and microbial aerosolizations from the human body were identified as the chief sources of bioaerosol emissions. The risk of lower respiratory tract infections caused by anthroponotic (human transmitted) transfer of bacterial pathogens is very high. The results of the study can be used to trace sources of microbial mediated communicable diseases, and to recommend appropriate safety measures to avoid pathogenic bioaerosol exposure.

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Concentration and distribution characteristics of airborne fungi in indoor and outdoor air of Tehran subway stations

Cited by 42 publications

References 31 publications

Fungal air quality in hospital rooms: a case study in Tehran, Iran

Fungal air quality in hospital rooms: a case study in Tehran, Iran

Environmental and Health Effects of Ventilation in Subway Stations: A Literature Review

Ambient bioaerosol distribution and associated health risks at a high traffic density junction at Dehradun city, India

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