Concentration and Size Distribution of Culturable Airborne Microorganisms in Outdoor Environments in Beijing, China

Fang, Zhiguo; Ouyang, Zhiyun; Zheng, Hua; Wang, Xiaoke

doi:10.1080/02786820802068657

Cited by 103 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…1, highlighting the common presence of the 2-4 µm peak. It has been proposed that fungal spores and bacteria agglomerates are the most dominant biological aerosols in this size range (Jones and Harrison, 2004;Després et al, 2012;Fang et al, 2008) and that the FBAP signal in this size range is typically dominated by fungal spores. This was corroborated in more detail for a remote Amazonian site using FBAP analysis along with fluorescence microscopy of stained filter samples ), but…”

Section: Auto-fluorescence Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional-scale simulations of fungal spore aerosols using an emission parameterization adapted to local measurements of fluorescent biological aerosol particles

et al. 2015

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Abstract. Fungal spores as a prominent type of primary biological aerosol particles (PBAP) have been incorporated into the COSMO-ART (Consortium for Small-scale ModellingAerosols and Reactive Trace gases) regional atmospheric model. Two literature-based emission rates for fungal spores derived from fungal spore colony counts and chemical tracer measurements were used as a parameterization baseline for this study. A third, new emission parameterization for fluorescent biological aerosol particles (FBAP) was adapted to field measurements from four locations across Europe. FBAP concentrations can be regarded as a lower estimate of total PBAP concentrations. Size distributions of FBAP often show a distinct mode at approx. 3 µm, corresponding to a diameter range characteristic for many fungal spores. Previous studies for several locations have suggested that FBAP are in many cases dominated by fungal spores. Thus, we suggest that simulated FBAP and fungal spore concentrations obtained from the three different emission parameterizations can be compared to FBAP measurements. The comparison reveals that simulated fungal spore concentrations based on literature emission parameterizations are lower than measured FBAP concentrations. In agreement with the measurements, the model results show a diurnal cycle in simulated fungal spore concentrations, which may develop partially as a consequence of a varying boundary layer height between day and night. Temperature and specific humidity, together with leaf area index (LAI), were chosen to drive the new emission parameterization which is fitted to the FBAP observations. The new parameterization results in similar root mean square errors (RMSEs) and correlation coefficients compared to the FBAP observations as the previously existing fungal spore emission parameterizations, with some improvements in the bias. Using the new emission parameterization on a model domain covering western Europe, FBAP in the lowest model layer comprise a fraction of 15 % of the total aerosol mass over land and reach average number concentrations of 26 L −1 . The results confirm that fungal spores and biological particles may account for a major fraction of supermicron aerosol particle number and mass concentration over vegetated continental regions and should thus be explicitly considered in air quality and climate studies.

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Section: Auto-fluorescence Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional-scale simulations of fungal spore aerosols using an emission parameterization adapted to local measurements of fluorescent biological aerosol particles

et al. 2015

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“…However, practical measurements of the concentration of bioaerosols and the development of control methods against them remain inadequate (Yeo and Kim, 2002;Menetrez et al, 2007;Lee et al, 2008a;Lee et al, 2008b;Lee et al, 2011). Several studies on the measurements of bioaerosols in outdoor and indoor environments, including schools and health care facilities, were reported in 2007 and 2008 (Godwin and Batterman, 2007;Kim and Kim, 2007;Menetrez et al, 2007;Fang et al, 2008;Zuraimi and Than, 2008); however, during the influenza A H1N1 outbreaks in 2009, there were few published reports on the practical monitoring of airborne microorganisms in public facilities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial Bioaerosol Concentrations in Public Restroom Environments

Lee

Hong

Lee

et al. 2012

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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The number concentrations of total culturable bacterial bioaerosols in seven public restroom environments were measured via a standard measurement method provided by the Ministry of Environment of the Republic of Korea. Outdoor bioaerosols were also measured to compare with data collected in public restrooms. The measurements were conducted for one year, with varying concentrations of airborne bacterial bioaerosols observed in public restrooms. The effect of the number of users on the concentration of bioaerosols in public restrooms was also analyzed. The experimental results provided useful and basic information for the study and development of control methods against bioaerosols in public restrooms.

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“…Furthermore, it is known that building structures, unplanned urbanization, traffi c and dense population play a role in bacteria concentration. Many studies have demonstrated that such factors as temperature, moisture, rainfall, pressure, wind speed, relative humidity, and seasonal and hourly changes in sunlight lead to changes in bacterial concentrations (Sarica et al 2002, Zhu et al 2003, Fang et al 2008, Mentese et al 2009, Güneş 2009, Yassin and Almouqatea 2010. However, the main aim of this study was not to reveal the bacterial concentration but to determine the antimicrobial susceptibilities of methicillin--resistant staphylococci, which are of importance in terms of public health.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Bovallius et al (1978) conducted a study in Sweden for over a 3 year period and reported the average bacteria concentration for agricultural areas to be 99 CFU/m 3 , 63 CFU/m 3 for the shoreline, and 850 CFU/m 3 for the city center. The average concentration of total culturable microorganisms of 3.7×10 3 ±2.1×10 2 (standard deviation) CFU/m 3 at three selected sampling sites in Beijing was noted by Fang et al (2008). They reported values between 71 and 22100 CFU/m 3 in the city of Beijing, China, and values between 2 and 8500 CFU/m 3 for other urban environments (Fang et al 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Culturable airborne bacteria and isolation of methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci from outdoor environments on European side of Istanbul, Turkey

Sivri

Bağcıgil

Metiner

et al. 2016

Archives of Environmental Protection

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This study is aimed to investigate culturable airborne bacteria concentrations and the composition of methicillin-resistant staphylococci in eleven different locations on the basis of specifi c activities conducted within different parts of the European side of Istanbul. The highest bacterial levels were observed at the Bakirkoy station (1 100 CFU/m 3 ) while the second highest levels were found at the Bahcelievler station (1 040 CFU/m 3 ) in October; the lowest levels (10 CFU/m 3 ) were measured at other different stations (Atakoy, Yesilkoy). Fifteen methicillin--resistant isolates [Staphylococcus hominis (n=11), S. cohnii spp. cohnii (n=2), S. sciuri (n=1), S. capitis spp. capitis (n=1)] were identifi ed. The disc diffusion method was used to identify the antimicrobial resistance of these isolates, it was observed that the most common resistance was to penicillin (P) (n=11), doxycycline (DO) (n=4) and tetracycline (T) (n=5). None of the isolates was resistant to imipenem, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, vancomycin (IPM, AMC, VA). However, multiple antimicrobial resistance was found to be 26.7%. The results of this study revealed the importance of isolated methicillin-resistant staphylococci in the stations with densely active human population and traffi c, for public health. As a result, the importance of resting along known shorelines, where culturable airborne bacteria concentrations are much lower, and its importance for human health have been emphasized.

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Concentration and Size Distribution of Culturable Airborne Microorganisms in Outdoor Environments in Beijing, China

Cited by 103 publications

References 51 publications

Regional-scale simulations of fungal spore aerosols using an emission parameterization adapted to local measurements of fluorescent biological aerosol particles

Regional-scale simulations of fungal spore aerosols using an emission parameterization adapted to local measurements of fluorescent biological aerosol particles

Bacterial Bioaerosol Concentrations in Public Restroom Environments

Culturable airborne bacteria and isolation of methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci from outdoor environments on European side of Istanbul, Turkey

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