Concentration Dependent Asymmetric Synergy in SDS–DDAO Mixed Surfactant Micelles

Abstract

We investigate the structure and interactions of a model anionic/amphoteric mixed surfactant micellar system, namely, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and N,N-dimethyl­dodecylamine N-oxide (DDAO), employing SANS, FTIR, DLS, and pH measurements, in the range 0.1–100 mM total surfactant concentration and 0–100% DDAO. Increasing surfactant concentration is found to elongate the prolate ellipsoid micelles (R Polar ∼ 25–40 Å), accompanied by up to a 6-fold increase in micellar charge. The surfactant synergy, in terms of micellar charge and size, diffusion coefficient, solution pH, and headgroup interactions, was found to vary with concentration. At lower concentrations (≤50 mM), the SDS–DDAO ratio of maximum synergy is found to be asymmetric (at 65–85% DDAO), which is rationalized using regular solution theory, suggesting an equilibrium between Na+ dissociation, DDAO protonation, and counterion concentration. At higher concentrations, maximum synergy shifts toward the equimolar ratio. Overall, our study expands and unifies previous reports, providing a comprehensive understanding for this model, synergetic mixed micellar system.