Concentration-Dependent Efficacy of Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 Using a HA/β-TCP Hydrogel Carrier in a Mini-Pig Vertebral Oblique Lateral Interbody Fusion Model

Abstract

Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) is used in the treatment of degenerative spinal disease and vertebral fractures, spine fusion, dental surgery, and facial surgery. However, high doses are associated with side effects such as inflammation and osteophytes. In this study, we performed spinal fusion surgery on mini-pigs using BMP-2 and a HA/β-TCP hydrogel carrier, and evaluated the degree of fusion and osteophyte growth according to time and dosage. Increasing the dose of BMP-2 led to a significantly higher fusion rate than was observed in the control group, and there was no significant difference between the 8-week and 16-week samples. We also found that the HA + β-TCP hydrogel combination helped maintain the rate of BMP-2 release. In conclusion, the BMP-2-loaded HA/β-TCP hydrogel carrier used in this study overcame the drawback of potentially causing side effects when used at high concentrations by enabling the sustained release of BMP-2. This method is also highly efficient, since it provides mineral matter to accelerate the fusion rate of the spine and improve bone quality.

LIPUS-S/B@NPs regulates the release of SDF-1 and BMP-2 to promote stem cell recruitment-osteogenesis for periodontal bone regeneration

“…PLGA nanoparticles are widely used bio-material candidate for drug delivery systems for its good biocompatibility and biodegradation properties as well as the controllable drug-releasing rate ( Ding and Zhu, 2018 ; Zhao et al, 2019 ). Growth factors like SDF-1 and BMP-2 are unstable and easily degraded, and require long-term and repeated administrations to maintain the effective concentration of growth factors in vivo ( Lee et al, 2023 ; Zhang et al, 2023 ). Moreover, intravenous administration of growth factors easily leads to their accumulation in untargeted organs (like liver and kidney), causing unnecessary toxicity and side effects.…”