Concentration Measurement by Acoustic Reflectance

Saggin, Raffaella; Coupland, John N.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2621.2001.tb04621.x

Cited by 26 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…A modified pulse-echo technique with a 2.25 MHz broadband transducer (V606; Panametrics, Waltham, MA) was used to measure the velocity, attenuation, and reflection coefficient of all dispersions simultaneously (13,14). In shear mode, only the reflectance coefficient was measured by using a 10-MHz center frequency broadband shear transducer (Panametrics V221BA).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shear and longitudinal ultrasonic measurements of solid fat dispersions

Saggin

Coupland

2004

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

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Dispersions of coating fat in corn oil (2.5-12.5 wt%) were prepared following two different protocols: Type A dispersions had an average crystal size of 30-36 µm, whereas type B dispersions were less than 1 µm. In both dispersions the fat crystals were aggregated into larger structures (up to 80 µm). The longitudinal ultrasonic properties (i.e., velocity, attenuation, and reflectance) were linearly related to the solid fat content, but only attenuation was sensitive to the different microstructures. The velocity and reflectance measurements were modeled using the Urick equation. Shear ultrasonic reflectance and oscillatory viscometry were used to measure the dynamic viscosity of all dispersions. According to both methods, type B samples were always more viscous than type A at a similar solids content. The correlation between the two techniques was good (r 2 > 0.99), but the numeric agreement was different for both systems.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shear and longitudinal ultrasonic measurements of solid fat dispersions

Saggin

Coupland

2004

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

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“…The pulse amplitude B is only used to calculate the attenuation. A similar approach was used later by Adamowski et al (1998), McClements and Fairly (1991), Saggin and Coupland (2001) and Kulmyrzaev et al (2000).…”

Section: Reference Reflection Methods (Rrm)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The wave propagation in its basic form is a mechanical oscillation and depends on the physical properties of the material (Saggin and Coupland, 2001;McClements, 1997;Povey and McClements, 1988):…”

Section: Physical Fundamentals and Methods Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The RRM based on one pulse, as applied in McClements and Fairly (1991), Papadakis et al (1973), , Püttmer et al ( , 2000 and Saggin and Coupland (2001), uses the ratio of any detectable buffer reflection of a sample medium and the corresponding buffer reflection of a reference medium, e.g. A r1 (sample) and A r1 (reference):…”

Section: Reference Reflection Methods (Rrm)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ultrasound-based density determination via buffer rod techniques: a review

Hoche¹,

Hussein²,

Becker³

2013

J. Sens. Sens. Syst.

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Abstract. The review presents the fundamental ideas, assumptions and methods of non-invasive density measurements via ultrasound at solid-liquid interface. Since the first investigations in the 1970s there has been steady progress with regard to both the technological and methodical aspects. In particular, the technology in electronics has reached such a high level that industrial applications come within reach. In contrast, the accuracies have increased slowly from 1-2 % to 0.15 % for constant temperatures and to 0.4 % for dynamic temperature changes. The actual work reviews all methodical aspects, and highlights the lack of clarity in major parts of the measurement principle: simplifications in the physical basics, signal generation and signal processing. With respect to process application the accuracy of the temperature measurement and the presence of temperature gradients have been identified as a major source of uncertainty. In terms of analytics the main source of uncertainty is the reflection coefficient, and as a consequence of this, the amplitude accuracy in time or frequency domain.

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“…An instrument that is able to perform the process accurately, ranging from chemical reactions (production) to quality control (final product), is necessary. Due to the automation of processes, in-line measurements are increasingly being studied to ensure that the product is in conformity to technical requirements [1][2][3][4][5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasound as a Metrological Tool for Monitoring Transesterification Kinetics

Baêsso¹,

Oliveira²,

Moraes³

et al. 2018

Advanced Chemical Kinetics

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Ultrasound has been widely used as a technological alternative way to analyse noninvasively an assortment of materials. It includes liquids with dissimilar physical characteristics, including mono-and multi-phasic mixtures, suspension formation and dissolution, in-line processing, among other practical applications. Regardless the huge spread of uses, so far ultrasound has not been proved to be able to quantify transesterification kinetics with a metrological approach. The aim of this chapter is to demonstrate that a properly designed ultrasonic experiment can be developed to identify remarkable stages of a transesterification reaction to produce biodiesel. The method was compared both with gas chromatography and hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H NMR). For an in-line application, ultrasound has been proved to work properly as a monitoring tool for chemical reaction kinetics.

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Concentration Measurement by Acoustic Reflectance

Cited by 26 publications

References 12 publications

Shear and longitudinal ultrasonic measurements of solid fat dispersions

Shear and longitudinal ultrasonic measurements of solid fat dispersions

Ultrasound-based density determination via buffer rod techniques: a review

Ultrasound as a Metrological Tool for Monitoring Transesterification Kinetics

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