Concentration of brines and deposition of salts from sea water under frigid conditions

Thompson, Thomas G.; Nelson, Kurt H.

doi:10.2475/ajs.254.4.227

Cited by 76 publications

(37 citation statements)

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“…In computing the average brine density lIb av it was assumed that between the top of the brine column and the bottom of the shelf the temperature gradient is constant; brine densities as a function of temperature were taken from Thompson and Nelson (1956) and Dubrovin. The results, which are compiled in Table 5, show that the observed brine level is in each case considerably lower than the hydrostatic brine level; the difference cannot be explained by errors in Hand h o .…”

Section: Discussion Of Brine Infiltrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subsurface measurements on the McMurdo Ice Shelf, Antarctica

Risk¹,

Hochstein²

1967

New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics

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In order to study the regimen of the McMurdo Ice Shelf three holes, 31, 32, and 57 m deep, were drilled near the seaward edge of the shelf; ice thicknesses at the drill sites were calculated to be 33, 48, and 94 m respectively. The rate of melting at the bottom of the shelf was found to be 1 m per year at two drill sites. The vertical density gradient in each of the holes is larger than that observed at Little America Station, and the density increases abruptly by about O· 1 g cm-" at the top of a brine-soaked layer which was estimated to be less than 6 m thick in each hole. Temperature profiles can be explained on the assumption that the brine moves horizontally through the shelf from the seaward edge to the interior and supplies heat to the shelf by convection and by liberation of latent heat during freezing. The observed brine level in the holes is about 20 percent lower than the hydrostatic level.

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Section: Discussion Of Brine Infiltrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subsurface measurements on the McMurdo Ice Shelf, Antarctica

Risk¹,

Hochstein²

1967

New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics

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“…Consequently, it is not certain whether Quan's and Fry's formula is valid in this range. However, since the temperature of maximum density and the freezing point of the brine is close to −2°C [7], the refractive index will not change much in this range and nor will the salinity. Small changes in salinity and temperatures close to zero mean that Quan's and Fry's formula will not change much either in this range.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For convenience, the constant molar weights of the different constituents are also provided by Maykut and Light [3]. Finally, the density of the brine is needed and, based on their measurements, Maykut and Light give two different options: a parabolic, two-piece, least-squares fit of their density measurements or a regression fit for temperature correction of the density data measured by Thompson and Nelson [7]. A third option is to use the Thompson and Nelson data without the temperature correction.…”

Section: Previous Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Empirical formula for the refractive index of freezing brine

Frisvad

2009

Appl. Opt.

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The refractive index of freezing brine is important in order to, for example, estimate oceanic scattering as sea ice develops. Previously, no simple continuous expression was available for estimating the refractive index of brine at subzero temperatures. I show that extrapolation of the empirical formula for the refractive index of seawater by Quan and Fry [Appl. Opt. 34, 3477 (1995)] provides a good fit to the refractive index of freezing brine for temperatures above −24°C and salinities below 180‰.

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“…On continued cooling, traces of calcium carbonate are precipitated along with ice until -S;2°c is reached, when mirabilite (Na 2 SO.10H 2 0) also begins to precipitate out (Thompson & Nelson 1956). The residual brine gradually becomes more concentrated in chlo-ides as the temperature is lowered, until the chlorides of sodium, potassium, and magnesium are precipitated at temperatures less than -23°c.…”

Section: Isotopic Equilibration Of Brine With Firnmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen and oxygen isotope studies on the McMurdo Ice Shelf, Antarctica

Stewart

1975

New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics

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49The abundances of deuterium and oxygen-18 in sections of fim core and samples of brine from drill holes in the McMurdo Ice Shelf have been measured. The isotopic abundances of the fim show an irregular variation that is predominantly seasonal. The isotopic variation in the firn is weak in comparison with the variation in surface snow and the 8D versus 8 18 0 ratio shows a small decrease that is attributed to evaporation of snow in summer. An average cloud temperature of -24°c is deduced from the average 8 values of firn from site 207D by means of an empirical cloud temperature -snow Il value relationship from other authors.The isotopic data for brines from the eastem part of the ice shelf confirm their origin by lateral infiltration of sea water into the ice shelf from the seaward edge. Other modes of origin are suggested for brines from the southern part of the ice shelf. In the eastern part, lateral infiltration and cooling of the brine causes gradual removal of ice and mirabilite and thus depletion of the brine in deuterium and oxygen-18. At the saine time, isotopic exchange acts to equilibrate the brine with the fim. The combination of these effects leads to a steady non-equilibrium isotopic fractionation between the brine and firn that decreases to the equilibrium fractionation at the greatest distance from the seaward edge of the ice shelf.

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Concentration of brines and deposition of salts from sea water under frigid conditions

Cited by 76 publications

References 0 publications

Subsurface measurements on the McMurdo Ice Shelf, Antarctica

Subsurface measurements on the McMurdo Ice Shelf, Antarctica

Empirical formula for the refractive index of freezing brine

Hydrogen and oxygen isotope studies on the McMurdo Ice Shelf, Antarctica

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