Concentration of Ca, Mg, K, Na, P and Zn in milk in two subspecies of red deer: Cervus elaphus hispanicus and C. e. scoticus

Vergara, H.; Landete‐Castillejos, Tomás; García, Andrés J.; Molina, Pilar Gil; Gallego, Laureano

doi:10.1016/s0921-4488(02)00240-7

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In healthy goats, Díaz et al [ 57 ] attributed this increase at this phase of lactation to changes in the blood–milk barrier due to a decrease in the tightness of the mammary epithelium that allows a greater permeability of Na + and Cl − from blood to milk. This is in agreement with the significant increment in Na + as shown by Vergara et al [ 16 ] with the progress of red deer’s lactation.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Milk from this species is richer in fat and proteins than that from cows or other non-bovine milk. With a mean composition of 11.5% fat, 7.6% protein, 5.9% lactose and 26.7% dry matter (DM) [ 15 ] and a mineral mean concentration for Ca, K, Mg, Na, P and Zn of 1717, 860, 109, 233, 901 and 9.06 mg/kg, respectively [ 16 ], its nutritional potential is well demonstrated. Red deer milk is not the only one that contains a high fat and protein content among ruminants; in fact, other species such as reindeer, domestic buffalo or springbok (African antelope) also contain high concentrations of these components.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physicochemical, Microbiological and Technological Properties of Red Deer (Cervus elaphus) Milk during Lactation

Berruga

Vara

Licón

et al. 2021

Animals

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This study describes chemical, physical, microbiological and technological characteristics of red deer milk and the effect of lactation on these parameters in order to know their potential aptitude to elaborate dairy products. During 18 weeks, milk from five hinds was monitored for composition, bacteriology, somatic cell count (SCC), physical properties and rennet coagulation. Mean values (g/100 g) for fat, protein, lactose and dry matter were 10.4, 7.1, 4.3 and 24.2, respectively, and for urea, 265 mg/100 mL. Except for lactose, a significant increase in these components was observed (p < 0.01) as lactation progressed. The average values for bacteriology and SCC were 5.3 log cfu/mL and 4.7 log cells/mL, respectively. Regarding physical properties, conductivity (mean: 2.8 ms/cm), viscosity (3.1 Cp), coordinates L* (89.9) and a* (−3.1) and milk fat globule diameter (D4,3: 6.1 µm) increased along with lactation while density (1.038 g/mL) decreased (p < 0.01). The pH (6.7), acidity (22.9° Dornic), coordinate b* (8.4) and ethanol stability (66.6% v/v) were stable during the study period. The stage of lactation also has a significant impact on milk coagulation properties and mean curd yield was 3.29 g/10 mL. These results suggest that red deer milk could be a potential innovative source of milk for the dairy industry.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physicochemical, Microbiological and Technological Properties of Red Deer (Cervus elaphus) Milk during Lactation

Berruga

Vara

Licón

et al. 2021

Animals

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“…Respect to stage of lactation, no significant interactions with Mn supplementation were observed in the current trial and results obtained were similar to those obtained previously in deer by our own group (García et al, 1999;Landete-Castillejos et al, 2000b;Vergara et al, 2003;Gallego et al, 2006) and by other research groups (Krzywinski et al, 1980;Malacarne et al, 2015). Regarding sex of calves, milk for male calves had different content in several minerals compared with that of milk for female calves.…”

Section: A-dsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…However, the lactose content observed in the current hinds were higher than that reported by Arman et al (1974) and by Krzywinski et al (1980), but lower than reported by Landete-Castillejos et al (2000b) for 34 weeks of lactation and by Landete-Castillejos et al (2005) for 91 lactations of a long-term study. Differences in deer milk composition among authors might be caused by inter-study differences in factors affecting milk such as major nutrients in diet and, in particular, its mineral content or applied mineral supplementation, or by body variables and age of the hinds (Landete-Castillejos et al, 2003a, 2005, food availability (Landete-Castillejos et al, 2003a), birth date (Landete-Castillejos et al, 2000b, 2001, 2005, but also by stage of lactation (Landete-Castillejos et al, 2000b;Vergara et al, 2003;Gallego et al, 2006) and sex of the calf (Landete-Castillejos et al, 2005;Gallego et al, 2009).…”

Section: A-dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Mn supplementation in late-gestating and lactating red deer (Cervus elaphus hispanicus) on milk production, milk composition, and calf growth

Serrano

Gambin

Landete‐Castillejos

et al. 2018

Journal of Animal Science

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This study describes the effects of Mn supplementation of 20 late-gestating and lactating Iberian red deer (Cervus elaphus hispanicus) females (hinds) fed a balanced diet on milk production and milk composition over the lactation period. Body weight of their calves at birth and at weaning was also evaluated. In addition, the effect of lactation stage was studied. For these purposes, 2 groups of hinds, one composed by 12 individuals (experimental) and the other by 8 individuals (control) were compared. Experimental hinds were s.c. injected weekly with Mn (2 mg Mn/kg BW) from day 140 of gestation until the end of lactation (week 18; forced weaning by physical separation). Control hinds were injected with a physiological saline solution with the same volume and at the same frequency as the experimental group. Serum Mn content of hinds was assessed just before the first Mn injection and at week 10 of lactation to assess whether the injected Mn increased Mn concentrations in blood. No differences were observed for BW of calves at birth but calves whose mothers were injected with Mn tended (P = 0.07) to have greater gain of BW from birth to weaning in proportion of BW at birth compared to calves from control hinds. In addition, supplementation with Mn increased (P ≤ 0.05) daily milk production by 10.2%, milk fat content by 11.2%, and total fat yield by 17.8%. Also, milk from hinds supplemented with Mn had more Ca (P < 0.001) and P (P < 0.05) than milk from control hinds. Manganese supplementation did not influence Mn serum content when blood was analyzed at week 10 of lactation, but increased the Mn content of milk by 18.3% (P < 0.001). Lactation stage affected (P < 0.001) fat, protein, lactose, and DM. Their contents increased as lactation proceeded, and protein was substituted by fat. Therefore, results suggest that Mn supplementation of hinds is recommended, even when they are fed a balanced diet, to increase milk production and the content of fat, Ca, P, and Mn of milk.

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“…They observed that Na/K ratio of goat milk is usually lower than that of cows', also noting that the addition of sodium to goat milk increases its Na/K ratio thus stabilising casein micelles. Although in this work the mineral content was not studied, based on previous research (Chavez et al, 2004;Gallego et al, 2006;Guo et al, 1998;Park et al, 2007;Vergara, Landete-Castillejos, Garcia, Molina, & Gallego, 2003) the calculated Na/K ratios in milk are 0.29 for deer, 0.32 for sheep, 0.23 for goat and 0.30 for cow. These values are consistent with ES obtained, revealing a clear relationship between ES and Na/K ratio for all species discussed and confirming, therefore, the observations of Guo et al (1988).…”

Section: Ethanol Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 94%

Some aspects of the ethanol stability of red deer milk (Cervus elaphus hispanicus): A comparison with other dairy species

Vara

Berruga

Cappelli

et al. 2018

International Dairy Journal

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The ethanol stability, a freshness and heat stability indicator, of Iberian red deer milk was determined. Additionally, the interspecific differences in composition, physical, hygienic and technological parameters, in bulk tank milk obtained from red deer, sheep, goats and cows were compared. Red deer milk ethanol stability was similar to that of sheep milk; bovine milk was the most stable and goat milk the least. Ethanol stability was influenced by pH; within the range studied, increased pH increased stability, this effect being more noticeable in bovine milk than in milk from the other species. Milk composition presented evident differences among species, as did somatic cell counts, total bacterial count, pH and titratable acidity or density. The results suggest that milk of red deer is very similar to that of sheep, but is even richer in fat and proteins, making it an interesting and novel product with high potential in dairy industry.

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Concentration of Ca, Mg, K, Na, P and Zn in milk in two subspecies of red deer: Cervus elaphus hispanicus and C. e. scoticus

Cited by 8 publications

References 21 publications

Physicochemical, Microbiological and Technological Properties of Red Deer (Cervus elaphus) Milk during Lactation

Physicochemical, Microbiological and Technological Properties of Red Deer (Cervus elaphus) Milk during Lactation

Effects of Mn supplementation in late-gestating and lactating red deer (Cervus elaphus hispanicus) on milk production, milk composition, and calf growth

Some aspects of the ethanol stability of red deer milk (Cervus elaphus hispanicus): A comparison with other dairy species

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