Concentration of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus in Milk of Cows Infected Under Simulated Field Conditions

Blackwell, John; McKercher, P. D.; Kosikowski, F.V.; Carmichael, L E; Gorewit, R.C.

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(82)82388-6

Cited by 26 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The earliest detection of FMDV in milk was 2 dpi and 3 dpi for inoculated and in-contact animals respectively. In contrast to previous studies [3,5,6], the appearance of FMDV in milk did not consistently precede the presentation of clinical signs of disease in these animals. This could have been due to natural variation between animals in their susceptibility to infection, the different dose of virus and route of inoculation used in this study, and the short incubation periods that resulted.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…To aid in the diagnosis of FMD further, rRT-PCR could be used in parallel with assays to detect FMDV antibodies in milk [2]. The excretion pattern of FMDV in milk as detected by VI paralleled results of previous studies [5,8]. The earliest detection of FMDV in milk was 2 dpi and 3 dpi for inoculated and in-contact animals respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

“…Similar diagnostic approaches have been used to monitor infection, and to identify herds with infected individuals for other cattle viruses [10,12]. Previous studies with FMD have also demonstrated that the virolactia can precede the presentation of clinical signs in experimentally infected animals [3,5,6]. Therefore, a further benefit of an assay to detect the presence of FMDV in milk, is its potential use as a preclinical diagnostic tool.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of the established diagnostic methods for FMDV, virus isolation (VI) can be used to detect FMDV in milk samples successfully [5]. In contrast, the antigen-detection ELISA [11] currently used at the FAO World Reference Laboratory for FMD, Pirbright, is unsuitable for testing milk.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Utility of automated real-time RT-PCR for the detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus excreted in milk

et al. 2006

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-Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) can be excreted in milk and thereby spread infection to susceptible animals in other holdings. The feasibility of using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) as a diagnostic tool for detection of FMDV in milk was assessed by studying the excretion of virus from experimentally-infected cattle. Fore-and machine milk samples were collected over a 4-week period from two dairy cows infected with FMDV and from two in-contact cows held in the same pen. The whole, skim, cream and cellular debris components of the milks were tested by automated rRT-PCR and results compared to virus isolation (VI) in cell culture. The onset of clinical signs of FMD in all four cows correlated with viraemia, and the presence of FMDV in other clinical samples. rRT-PCR results matched closely with VI in detecting FMDV in all milk components and generally coincided with, but did not consistently precede, the onset of clinical signs. rRT-PCR detected FMDV in milk up to 23 days post inoculation which was longer than VI. Furthermore, the detection limit of FMDV in milk was greater by rRT-PCR than VI and, in contrast to VI, rRT-PCR detected virus genome following heat treatment that simulated pasteurisation. rRT-PCR was also able to detect FMDV in preservativetreated milk. In conclusion, this study showed that automated rRT-PCR is quicker and more sensitive than VI and can be used to detect FMDV in whole milk as well as milk fractions from infected animals. milk / milk components / foot-and-mouth disease virus / real-time RT-PCR / pasteurisation

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Utility of automated real-time RT-PCR for the detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus excreted in milk

et al. 2006

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“…of animalsNo. of observations ( n = 390)Topotype (strains)Cattle ( n = 64)Pigs ( n = 72)Small ruminants ( n = 159)Total ( n = 295)Aggarwal et al [1]Pirbright3481515PanAsia (UKG 2001)Alexandersen et al [3]Pirbright08088Euro – SA (BFS 1860)Bankowski et alaPirbright700711PanAsia (UKG 2001)Blackwell et al [8]Plum Island600617Euro – SA (Brugge)Burrows [10]Pirbright121093131Euro – SA (BFS 1860)Burrows et al [11]Pirbright400416Euro – SA ...…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parameterization of the duration of infection stages of serotype O foot-and-mouth disease virus: an analytical review and meta-analysis with application to simulation models

et al. 2010

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Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is considered one of the most important infectious diseases of livestock because of the devastating economic consequences that it inflicts in affected regions. The value of critical parameters, such as the duration of the latency or the duration of the infectious periods, which affect the transmission rate of the FMD virus (FMDV), are believed to be influenced by characteristics of the host and the virus. Disease control and surveillance strategies, as well as FMD simulation models, will benefit from improved parameter estimation. The objective of this study was to quantify the distributions of variables associated with the duration of the latency, subclinical, incubation, and infectiousness periods of FMDV transmission. A double independent, systematic review of 19 retrieved publications reporting results from experimental trials, using 295 animals in four reference laboratories, was performed to extract individual values related to FMDV transmission. Probability density functions were fitted to data and a set of regression models were used to identify factors associated with the assessed parameters. Latent, subclinical, incubation, and infectious periods ranged from 3.1 to 4.8, 2 to 2.3, 5.5 to 6.6, and 3.3 to 5.7 days, respectively. Durations were significantly (p < 0.05) associated independently with route of exposure, type of donor, animal species, strains, characteristics of sampling, and clinical signs. These results will contribute to the improvement of disease control and surveillance strategies and stochastic models used to simulate FMD spread and, ultimately, development of cost-effective plans to prevent and control the potential spread of the disease in FMD-free regions of the world.

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Molecular evidence of sporadic Coxiella burnetii excretion in sheep milk, central Portugal

Pires,

Santos-Silva,

Cruz

et al. 2024

Vet Res Commun

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Coxiella burnetii is the etiologic agent of Q fever, a worldwide zoonosis. Cattle, sheep and goats are considered the main reservoirs of the disease. Transmission to humans occurs mainly through the inhalation of infectious aerosols from milk, faeces, urine, and birth products from infected ruminants. In this study, a 2-year longitudinal approach was performed to ascertain the excretion of C. burnetii in bulk tank milk samples of sheep from a mountain plateau in central Portugal, with sampling conducted during the years 2015 and 2016. From a total of 156 bulk tank milk samples tested by qPCR, only one showed to be positive for C. burnetii (1.28% [95%CI: 0.03–6.94]), from 2015, the first year of collection. Bidirectional sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of IS1111 transposase partial region confirmed the presence of C. burnetii DNA. The presence of C. burnetii in raw milk samples highlights the necessity for additional research to determine if raw milk is a potential source for human infection. Animal health surveillance and prevention measures against this zoonotic disease should be considered.

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Concentration of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus in Milk of Cows Infected Under Simulated Field Conditions

Cited by 26 publications

References 15 publications

Utility of automated real-time RT-PCR for the detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus excreted in milk

Utility of automated real-time RT-PCR for the detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus excreted in milk

Parameterization of the duration of infection stages of serotype O foot-and-mouth disease virus: an analytical review and meta-analysis with application to simulation models

Molecular evidence of sporadic Coxiella burnetii excretion in sheep milk, central Portugal

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