Concentration of Heavy Metals, Namely Lead, Cadmium, and Chromium, in Hair Color Available in the Markets of Qom, Iran

Abstract

In recent years, cosmetic industry has experienced a significant progress, including the production of various types of cosmetics, such as soaps, creams, face powder, tanning lotions, toothpaste, and lipsticks, for the skin, hair, teeth, body, and nails care (1). Based on previous research, the consumption of cosmetic products is very common in Iran. According to the statistics, Iran and Saudi Arabia have the highest cosmetic consumption rate in the Middle East; in this regard, about $ 2.1 million is spent on cosmetic products in Iran (2). Hair color is one of the best-selling products since about 25% of women aged above 18 years and 10% of men aged over 40 years use hair color in Europe, North America, and Japan (3).Hair colors include ammonium compounds (e.g., 4-amino2-hydroxytoluene and amino phenol), antioxidants, ammonia, soap, aroma

Assessment of Toxic Elements and Peroxide Value in Lipsticks Collected From Karaj, Iran

“…Recent research has shown that there is no safe limit for Pb, due to its neurotoxic nature (17). Pb has an important role in increasing the blood pressure and risk of cardiovascular diseases in adults, decreasing cognitive ability, and the formation of renal tumors (18,19).…”