Concentration of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in Mainstream and Sidestream Cigarette Smoke

Zhao, Jiayuan; Hopke, Philip K.

doi:10.1080/02786826.2011.617795

Cited by 40 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…However, the ROS content found in our study was significantly lower than in studies on combustion samples (Kao and Wang 2002;Zhao and Hopke 2011). This suggests that our aged brake wear samples may act similarly to most ambient air pollution particles upon deposition in the lungs and lead to ROS-formation.…”

Section: Acellular Ros Generationcontrasting

confidence: 55%

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Physico-Chemical Characterization and Oxidative Reactivity Evaluation of Aged Brake Wear Particles

Zhao

Lewinski

Riediker

2015

Aerosol Science and Technology

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Brake wear dust is a significant component of traffic emissions and has been linked to adverse health effects. Previous research found a strong oxidative stress response in cells exposed to freshly generated brake wear dust. We characterized aged dust collected from passenger vehicles, using microscopy and elemental analyses. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was measured with acellular and cellular assays using 2 0 7-dichlorodihydrofluorescein dye. Microscopy analyses revealed samples to be heterogeneous particle mixtures with few nanoparticles detected. Several metals, primarily iron and copper, were identified. High oxygen concentrations suggested that the elements were oxidized. ROS were detected in the cell-free fluorescent test, while exposed cells were not dramatically activated by the concentrations used. The fact that aged brake wear samples have lower oxidative stress potential than fresh ones may relate to the highly oxidized or aged state of these particles, as well as their larger size and smaller reactive surface area.

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Section: Acellular Ros Generationcontrasting

confidence: 55%

“…It has been verified (Wardman 2007;Venkatachari and Hopke 2008;Sauvain et al 2012) and widely applied (Hung and Wang 2001;Venkatachari et al 2005;Zhao and Hopke 2011). An additional advantage of DCFH for this study was that it allowed the use of the same reactant in both the cell-free and the cell-culture-based measurements.…”

Section: Acellular Ros Generationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physico-Chemical Characterization and Oxidative Reactivity Evaluation of Aged Brake Wear Particles

Zhao

Lewinski

Riediker

2015

Aerosol Science and Technology

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“…ROS exist both in the gas phase and in PM. ROS are either produced inside the human body through generation by the inhaled PM (e.g., by transition metals) in vivo (endogenous ROS) or by transportation into the lungs on respirable particles (exogenous ROS) (Zhao and Hopke, 2012). While gas-phase ROS are most likely removed in the upper mucus membranes through diffusion (Kao and Wang, 2002), ROS associated with fine particles can penetrate deeply into the lungs, causing oxidative stress and cell damage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development, characterization and first deployment of an improved online reactive oxygen species analyzer

et al. 2018

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Abstract. Inhalation of atmospheric particles is linked to human diseases. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) present in these atmospheric aerosols may play an important role. However, the ROS content in aerosols and their formation pathways are still largely unknown. Here, we have developed an online and offline ROS analyzer using a 2 ,7 -dichlorofluorescin (DCFH) based assay. The ROS analyzer was calibrated with H 2 O 2 and its sensitivity was characterized using a suite of model organic compounds. The instrument detection limit determined as 3 times the noise is 1.3 nmol L −1 for offline analysis and 2 nmol m −3 of sampled air when the instrument is operated online at a fluorescence response time of approximately 8 min, while the offline method detection limit is 18 nmol L −1 . Potential interferences from gas-phase O 3 and NO 2 as well as matrix effects of particulate SO 2− 4 and NO − 3 were tested, but not observed. Fe 3+ had no influence on the ROS signal, while soluble Fe 2+ reduced it if present at high concentrations in the extracts. Both online and offline methods were applied to identify the ROS content of different aerosol types, i.e., ambient aerosols as well as fresh and aged aerosols from wood combustion emissions. The stability of the ROS was assessed by comparing the ROS concentration measured by the same instrumentation online in situ with offline measurements. We also analyzed the evolution of ROS in specific samples by conducting the analysis after storage times of up to 4 months. The ROS were observed to decay with increasing storage duration. From their decay behavior, ROS in secondary organic aerosol (SOA) can be separated into short-and long-lived fractions. The half-life of the shortlived fraction was 1.7 ± 0.4 h, while the half-life of the longlived fraction could not be determined with our uncertainties. All these measurements showed consistently that on average 60 ± 20 % of the ROS were very reactive and disappeared during the filter storage time. This demonstrates the importance of a fast online measurement of ROS.

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“…However, activated carbon had higher ROS scavenging power, similar to TBHQ, in our experiments. This maybe because that smoke ROS existed mainly in the particles of cigarette smoke and could be substantially absorbed by activated carbon due to its high degree of microporosity (Zhao and Hopke 2012;Branton and Bradley 2011). Therefore, it could be concluded that the effect of filter additives on the reduction of ROS in cigarette smoke could be based on their antioxidant activity and=or adsorption capacity toward particles that contain large amount ROS in cigarette smoke.…”

Section: Fluorescence Evaluation Ros Scavenging Efficiency 687mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…More recently, several fluorescence probes, such as 2, 7-dichlorofluorescein (DCFH), dihydrorhodamine 123, and dihydrorhodamine 6 G (DHR 6 G) have been applied for the detection of ROS in cigarette smoke (Huang, Lin, and Ma 2005;Ou and Huang 2006;Zhao and Hopke 2012). These compounds are nonfluorescent but when oxidized by typical ROS (e.g., O ÀÁ 2 , HO·, R·, RO·, and ROO·), or H 2 O 2 in the presence of horseradish peroxidase they become highly fluorescent dyes that can be quantitatively determined by a fluorescence spectrophotometer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluorescence Evaluation of Scavenging Efficiency of Antioxidants Against Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in Cigarette Smoke

et al. 2013

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Cigarette smoke can cause cellular oxidative stress that contributes to various adverse health effects associated with smoke exposure, partially due to reactive oxygen species (ROS) present in cigarette smoke. Reduction of abundant ROS in the cigarette mainstream smoke (MSS) is of importance for human health. In this work, a simple, rapid, and reliable fluorescence evaluation of scavenging efficiency of antioxidants as potential filter additives against ROS in cigarette smoke is reported. This method was based on the combination of model glass reactor and a fluorescence assay of ROS in cigarette smoke using dihydrorhodamine 6 G (DHR-6 G). The antioxidant was added into a glass reactor attached to cigarette filter, which simplified the preparation of combined filter containing additives. The ROS scavenging efficiency of antioxidants was then determined using spectrofluorimetry by the change in fluorescence intensity of whole smoke-bubbled solutions before and after addition of antioxidants into the glass reactor. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of ROS scavenging efficiency of several potential additives, such as tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), vitamin C, b-carotene, grape seed extract, and Ginkgo biloba extract. Moreover, the relationship between MSS ROS scavenging efficiency and antioxidant activities (DPPH radicals scavenging efficiency and Fe 2þ reducing power) of these compounds was also investigated.

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Concentration of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in Mainstream and Sidestream Cigarette Smoke

Cited by 40 publications

References 28 publications

Physico-Chemical Characterization and Oxidative Reactivity Evaluation of Aged Brake Wear Particles

Physico-Chemical Characterization and Oxidative Reactivity Evaluation of Aged Brake Wear Particles

Development, characterization and first deployment of an improved online reactive oxygen species analyzer

Fluorescence Evaluation of Scavenging Efficiency of Antioxidants Against Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in Cigarette Smoke

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