Concentration of respirable dust and bioaerosols and identification of certain microbial types in a hog-growing facility

Butera, M.; Smith, James H.; Morrison, William D; Hacker, R. R.; Kains, F. A.; Ogilvie, J. R.

doi:10.4141/cjas91-035

Cited by 19 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…It can be assumed that as the strewn material became moister during the course of the trial because of a buildup of urine, the particles were increasingly bound and were not released into the atmosphere. Contrary to our original assumption that with increased humidity the generation of particles would be reduced, Butera et al (1991) found that the relative humidity in the stable had no effect on the generation of airborne particles.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 98%

Gas and particle concentrations in horse stables with individual boxes as a function of the bedding material and the mucking regimen1

Fleming

Hessel

Weghe

2009

Journal of Animal Science

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The aim of this study was to compare different types of bedding and mucking regimens used in horse stables on the generation of airborne particulate matter <10 microm (PM10) and 3 biogenic gases (carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, and especially ammonia). Three separate experiments were undertaken. The experiments were carried out in an enclosed stable (9.7 m long, 8.7 m wide, and 3.5 m high) that had 5 single boxes housing 4 horses. The measuring instruments were set up in the middle of one side of the stable. In Exp. 1, 3 types of bedding material (wheat straw, straw pellets, and wood shavings) used for horses were assessed according to their ammonia generation. Each type of bedding was used for 2 wk, with 3 repetitions. The mean ammonia concentrations within the stable were 3.07 +/- 0.23 mg/m(3) for wheat straw, 4.79 +/- 0.23 mg/m(3) for straw pellets, and 4.27 +/- 0.17 mg/m(3) for wood shavings. In Exp. 2, the effects of the mucking regimen on the generation of ammonia and PM10 from wheat straw (the bedding with the least ammonia generation in the previous experiment) were examined using 3 different daily regimens: 1) no mucking out, 2) complete mucking out, and 3) partial mucking out (removing only feces). The mean ammonia concentrations in the stable differed significantly among all 3 mucking regimens (P < 0.05). The greatest values were recorded when the stalls were mucked out completely every day [least squares means (LSM) = 2.25 +/- 0.1 mg/m(3)]. No mucking out resulted in an LSM of 1.92 +/- 0.1 mg of ammonia/m(3), whereas an LSM of 1.54 +/- 0.1 mg of ammonia/m(3) was found when the partial mucking out method was used. No mucking out also resulted in significantly less average PM10 (124.4 +/- 13.4 microg/m(3)) than in the other 2 regimens (P < 0.05). In Exp. 3, a 6-wk bedding regimen without mucking out was evaluated with regard to gas and airborne particle generation. The ammonia values were found not to increase constantly during the course of the 6-wk period. The average weekly values for PM10 also did not increase constantly but varied between approximately 90 and 140 microg/m. It can be concluded from the particle and gas generation patterns found in the results of all 3 experiments that wheat straw was the most suitable bedding of the 3 types investigated and that mucking out completely on a daily basis should not be undertaken in horse stables.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 98%

Gas and particle concentrations in horse stables with individual boxes as a function of the bedding material and the mucking regimen1

Fleming

Hessel

Weghe

2009

Journal of Animal Science

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“…It is likely that the higher endotoxin concentrations (table 5) with increased humidity were due to prolonged bacterial survival times (Butera et al, 1991;Zucker et al, 2000). Generally, the natural half-life of airborne gram-negative bacteria ranges between a few minutes and perhaps an hour.…”

Section: Effects Of Humidity and Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Risk Factors for Sub-Optimal Housing Conditions in Australian Piggeries: Part 2. Airborne Pollutants

Banhazi¹,

Seedorf²,

Rutley³

et al. 2008

Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health

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The concentrations of total airborne bacteria, respirable endotoxins, ammonia, and respirable and inhalable particles were monitored in 160 piggery buildings in Australia between autumn 1997 and autumn 1999. The overall mean airborne bacteria, respirable endotoxins, ammonia (NH 3), and inhalable and respirable particle concentrations measured were 1.17 × 10 5 cfu m-3 , 33.1 EU m-3 , 3.7 ppm, 1.74 mg m-3 , and 0.26 mg m-3 , respectively. The characteristics of the buildings and management systems used were documented at the time of sampling. A multifactorial general linear model (GLM) statistical procedure was used to analyze the effects of housing and management factors on the concentrations of the airborne pollutants. Both airborne bacteria and respirable endotoxin concentrations were affected by building classification (type), and respirable endotoxin concentrations were positively correlated with increasing humidity. The concentrations of airborne bacteria increased as the level of pen hygiene (cleanliness) decreased. The NH 3 concentrations were primarily affected by level of pen hygiene, building volume, pig flow management, and season. Building classification, pig flow management, season, building volume, ventilation rates, and temperature affected inhalable particle concentrations. Respirable particle concentrations were primarily affected by building classification, pen hygiene, pig flow management, season, ventilation rates, temperature, and humidity. These findings suggest that environmental improvement strategies (such as improved cleaning, ventilation, and temperature control) are likely to reduce airborne pollutant concentrations in pig buildings and in the environment, thus improving the health and welfare of both pigs and farm staff.

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“…The influence of temperature on the physical decay of airborne particles has been studied in numerous articles, and the authors generally agree that the concentration of airborne particles is increased at low temperatures, probably due to a combined effect with low RH (Fišer & Král, 1969;Heber et al, 1988a;Butera et al, 1991). Curtis et al (1975a) quantified this relationship and found that the common logarithm of the number of bacterial colony-forming particles increased by 0.02 per degree Celsius decrease in median temperature for the day.…”

Section: Factors Influencing Aerosol Survival Transport and Concentrmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Infectious Aerosols in Disease Transmission in Pigs

Stärk

1999

The Veterinary Journal

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Concentration of respirable dust and bioaerosols and identification of certain microbial types in a hog-growing facility

Cited by 19 publications

References 4 publications

Gas and particle concentrations in horse stables with individual boxes as a function of the bedding material and the mucking regimen1

Gas and particle concentrations in horse stables with individual boxes as a function of the bedding material and the mucking regimen1

Identification of Risk Factors for Sub-Optimal Housing Conditions in Australian Piggeries: Part 2. Airborne Pollutants

The Role of Infectious Aerosols in Disease Transmission in Pigs

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