Concentration related differences in the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity in the common carp Cyprinus carpio by Phorate, an organophosphorous insecticide

Lakshmaiah, G

doi:10.7439/ijasr.v2i4.3233

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Our results agree with those reported for O. niloticus exposed to acute temperature shocks (Phrompanya et al 2021). It is suggested that tissue deterioration in specific brain regions may cause impairment of specific brain functions as well as changes in the physiological and behavioral processes of the fish, resulting in such behavioral changes as respiratory dysfunctions, loss of equilibrium, and erratic swimming (Lakshmaiah 2017).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Histological changes in Horabagrus brachysoma acclimated to warm temperature and exposed to critical thermal maxima and minima

Dalvi,

Das,

Pal

et al. 2023

Zoology and Ecology

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Escalating concerns about global climate change necessitate investigations into its consequences for the survival of poikilothermic animals like fish. The present study describes histological alterations in gill, skin, kidney, liver, and brain tissues of the juvenile Horabagrus brachysoma specimens acclimated to 26°C (control) and 36°C for 30 days, and those exposed to dynamic temperature changes (increased or decreased at the rate of 0.3°C/min from 26°C), the critical thermal maxima (CTMax) and critical thermal minima (CTMin). The fish acclimated to 36°C and those exposed to CTMax (40.23 ± 0.12°C) and CTMin (14.15 ± 0.10°C) showed severe histological aberrations in gill, skin, liver, kidney, and brain tissues. Histological alterations in gill tissues included loss of epithelial cells in the branchial arch, thinning of the primary lamellae, and loss of the secondary lamellae. Thickening of the epithelial layer (36°C), and desquamation of epithelial cells (CTMax) were the histological alterations detected in skin tissues. Alterations in liver tissues included severe congestion with vacuolization and the cloudy appearance of cells and extensive loss of cellular contour. Extensive vacuolization with complete flattening of the tubule epithelial cells, distorted appearance of tubular lamellae, and marked loss of glomerular tuft were the changes recorded in kidney tissues. Brain tissue alterations comprised increased cellularity and vacuolization in the cerebrum (36°C), and nodular masses of various sizes in the cerebrum (CTMin). The present study showed that acclimation to warm temperature (36°C) and exposure to dynamic temperature changes (CTMax and CTMin) cause histopathological alterations in the vital organs of H. brachysoma. The findings of the present study can help in monitoring the health of H. brachysoma in the natural environment and in culture systems under a climate change scenario.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Histological changes in Horabagrus brachysoma acclimated to warm temperature and exposed to critical thermal maxima and minima

Dalvi,

Das,

Pal

et al. 2023

Zoology and Ecology

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“…Deformations of the brain were evident, such as edema/ spongiosis, hemorrhage, enlargement of the SPV, and hydrops development. Similar alterations were observed in common carp exposed to different sizes of plastics (Hamed et al, 2022a), Channa punctatus exposed to the pesticide chlorpyrifos (Devi and Mishra, 2013), Gambusia affinis exposed to lead chloride (Alkshab and Taha, 2021), carp exposed to quinalphos (Chamarthi et al, 2014), carp exposed to organophosphate insecticide (Lakshmaiah, 2017), Catla catla exposed to heavy metals (Bose et al, 2015), and Carassius gibelio exposed to toxic cyanobacteria (Panagiotis et al, 2014).…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 62%

Effects of black sand on Oreochromis niloticus: insights into the biogeochemical impacts through an experimental study

Saad,

Sayed

2023

Front. Earth Sci.

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Trace elements such as titanium, zirconium, thorium, and uranium, are found in black sand (BS) after weathering and corrosion. Precious metals are not the only valuable elements in black sand, rare earth elements are also found. The aquatic life in lakes and reservoirs is negatively affected by lithophilic elements such as lithium, uranium, and tin. Accordingly, intensive experiments were conducted on Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) after exposure to isolated black sand. Blood biomarkers, antioxidant balance, morpho-nuclear erythrocyte’s alterations, and histopathological signs have been investigated after fish exposure for 15 days to a 6.4 g BS/kg diet, 9.6 g BS/kg diet, and 2.4 g BS/kg diet. The blood profile, including platelets and white blood cells, was pronouncedly decreased as a result. Functions of the liver and kidneys were impaired. An increase in serum-antioxidant enzymes such as catalase activities and superoxide dismutase was recorded. Also, exposure to black sand induced cellular and nuclear abnormalities in the erythrocytes. In conclusion, the black sand isolated from the Red sea beach influenced Oreochromis niloticus’s hematology, biochemistry, and antioxidant parameters. Poikilocytosis and RBC nuclear abnormalities were also associated with exposure to black sand. The resulting erosion of rocks and rocks’ access to water forces us to consider the seriousness of climatic change on the aquatic ecosystem.

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“…Previous findings have also proved Phorate to be genotoxic on various other parameters, including the activities of carbohydrate metabolic enzyme, succinate dehydrogenase in common carp [14] and also altered protein content in various tissues of common carp [8]. Phorate also induced pronounced pathological toxicity in the brain of common carp, Cyprinus carpio and the extent of damage and degeneration were progressive with the exposure time period and the concentration of Phorate [16]. Phorate also has deleterious effects on humans as it causes cellular damage, as well as changes in DNA structure [7].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Various studies on the toxicity of Phorate on aquatic organisms, especially fish, have been carried out, confirming its toxicity and genotoxic role [13][14][15]. Histopathological toxicity of brain of Cyprinus carpio exposed to Phorate was also reported by Lakshmaiah, (2017) [16]. reported acute toxicity of Phorate on succinate dehydrogenase enzyme activity, which is an important enzyme for Krebs Cycle [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Study of Ultrastructural Abnormalities in the Renal Cells of Cyprinus carpio Induced by Toxicants

Nazir

Ali

Tantray

et al. 2022

Toxics

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Transmission Electron Microscopic (TEM) assessments were performed on the renal cells of common carp Cyprinus carpio to observe the deleterious effects of two organophosphate insecticides, Phorate and Dimethoate. Pesticides such as Phorate and Dimethoate often pollute aquatic systems where they may negatively impact fish, but so far, the ultrastructural toxicity of these pesticides remains poorly understood. Here, we use Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) to determine how acute exposure to sublethal concentrations of these two pesticides may affect the renal cells of common carp Cyprinus carpio. For each insecticide, the fish were divided in four experimental conditions: a control and three different exposure concentrations of the pesticide. The Phorate treated fish were exposed to three sublethal concentrations of 0.2 mg/L, 0.4 mg/L, 0.6 mg/L for a duration of 24, 48 & 72 h. The dimethoate treated fish were exposed to three sublethal concentrations of 0.005 mL/L, 0.01 mL/L, 0.015 mL/L for a duration of 24, 48 and 72 h. The two-dimensional transmission electron microscopy revealed ultrastructural abnormalities in the treated fish renal cells when exposed to two toxicants including deformation in the glomerulus, vacuolization of cytoplasm, degenerative nucleus and damaged mitochondria. Furthermore, the ultrastructural abnormalities were more prominent with the increase in the concentrations of both the insecticides and also with their exposure period. Overall, these results provide important baseline data on the ultrastructural toxicity of Phorate and Dimethoate and will allow important follow-up studies to further elucidate the underlying cellular mechanisms of pesticide toxicity in wildlife.

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Concentration related differences in the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity in the common carp Cyprinus carpio by Phorate, an organophosphorous insecticide

Cited by 11 publications

References 26 publications

Histological changes in Horabagrus brachysoma acclimated to warm temperature and exposed to critical thermal maxima and minima

Histological changes in Horabagrus brachysoma acclimated to warm temperature and exposed to critical thermal maxima and minima

Effects of black sand on Oreochromis niloticus: insights into the biogeochemical impacts through an experimental study

Study of Ultrastructural Abnormalities in the Renal Cells of Cyprinus carpio Induced by Toxicants

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