Concentration, sources and risk assessment of PAHs in bottom sediments

Baran, Agnieszka; Tarnawski, Marek; Urbański, Krzysztof; Klimkowicz‐Pawlas, Agnieszka; Spałek, Iwona

doi:10.1007/s11356-017-9944-y

Cited by 40 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 51 publications

(102 reference statements)

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“…The bottom sediments of the Chańcza reservoir contained on average 35.4 g, the Besko reservoir—18.2 g, the Zesławice reservoir—15.8 g, the Rzeszów reservoir—23.5 g, the Ożanna reservoir—31.3 g TOC/kg d.m. (Baran and Tarnawski 2013; Baran et al 2017). The content of extracted carbon (Cext) in a mixture of Na 4 P 2 O 7 + NaOH with a concentration of 0.1 mol dm −3 exhibited less diversification in comparison with the TOC content ( V % = 86) (Table 1).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of the quantity and quality of sediment organic matter on the potential mobility and toxicity of trace elements in bottom sediment

Baran

Mierzwa–Hersztek

Gondek

et al. 2019

Environ Geochem Health

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Knowledge on the fraction of trace elements in the bottom sediments is a key to understand their mobility and ecotoxicological impact. The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of the content of organic matter fractions on the mobility and ecotoxicity of trace elements in sediments from the Rybnik reservoir. The most refractory fraction of organic matter—Cnh (non-hydrolysing carbon)—dominated in the sediments. The content of organic matter fractions are arranged in the following order: Cnh (non-hydrolysing carbon) > Cfa (fulvic acid) > Cha (humic acid) > DOC (dissolved organic carbon). On the other hand, the highest value of correlation coefficients was found for different fractions of trace elements and DOC content in the bottom sediments. A higher content of TOC in the sediments significantly increased the share of elements in the potential mobile fraction and, at the same time, decreased the binding of elements in the mobile fractions. Moreover, in sediments that contain more than 100 g/kg d.m. TOC, no and medium risk of trace element release from sediments was observed. The Cu, Cd and Ni were potentially the most toxic elements for biota in the Rybnik reservoir. However, the correlation between the content of trace elements and the response of bacteria was insignificant. These results suggested that the complexation of trace elements with organic matter makes them less toxic for Vibrio fischeri. The transformation and sources of organic matter play an important role in the behaviour of trace elements in the bottom sediments of the Rybnik reservoir.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of the quantity and quality of sediment organic matter on the potential mobility and toxicity of trace elements in bottom sediment

Baran

Mierzwa–Hersztek

Gondek

et al. 2019

Environ Geochem Health

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“…Sediments from the Rzeszów reservoir had high concentrations of PAHs (III class). The reservoir is under strong human pressure associated with industry, long-range transport of PAHs and local agriculture, which causes severe erosion of the land (Koniarz et al 2015 ; Bartoszek et al 2015 ; Baran et al 2017 ). Bartoszek et al ( 2015 ) showed that the greatest impact on the quality of bottom sediments is connected with the presence of BAP.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Organic carbon is an important parameter governing the distribution and adsorption of PAHs in bottom sediments (Dahle et al 2003 ; Wang et al 2013 ). A strong relationship between PAH concentrations and organic matter content or clay fraction in bottom sediments is often observed (Oros and Rosa 2004 ; Khairy et al 2009 ; Lubecki and Kowalewska 2010 ; Baran et al 2017 ). Moreover, relationships among the individual metals were significantly, positively correlated with one another and with the PAHs (except Cd) (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The concentrations of the eight PAHs [naphthalene (NAP), phenanthrene (PHE), anthracene (ANT), fluoranthene (FLT), pyrene (PYR), benzo(a)anthracene BAA, chrysene CHR, and benzo(a)pyrene (BAP)] were determined by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry on a Varian GC/MS/MS 4000 equipped with an ion trap. A detailed description of the analytical procedure was previously described by Baran et al ( 2017 ). The recoveries ranged from 80% (CHR) to 98.5% (NAP).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The recoveries ranged from 80% (CHR) to 98.5% (NAP). In addition, the limit of detection (LOD) was 2 µg · kg −1 dw, and the limit of quantification (LOQ) was 6 µg · kg −1 dw (Baran et al 2017 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Use of Chemical Indicators and Bioassays in Bottom Sediment Ecological Risk Assessment

Tarnawski

Baran

2018

Arch Environ Contam Toxicol

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This study is was designed to assess the ecological risk associated with chemical pollution caused by heavy metals and PAHs on the basis of their ecotoxicological properties in sediments collected from the Rzeszów dam reservoir (Poland). The sediment samples were collected from three sampling stations: S1—inlet, backwater station, S2—middle of reservoir, S3 outlet, near the dam. The sediments’ toxicity was evaluated using a battery of bioassays (Phytotoxkit, Phytotestkit, Ostracodtoxkit F, and Microtox). The highest content of metals (120.5 mg Zn; 22.65 mg Pb; 8.20 mg Cd ∙ kg−1 dw) and all PAHs (∑9361 μg ∙ kg−1 dw) in sediments was found at station S1. The lowest content of metals (86.72 mg Zn; 18.07 mg Cu; 17.20 mg Pb; 3.62 mg Cu; 28.78 mg Ni; 30.52 mg Cr ∙ kg−1 dw) and PAHs (∑4390 μg ∙ kg−1 dw) was found in the sediment from station S2. The ecological risk assessment of the six metals and eight PAHs revealed a high potential toxicity in sediments from stations S1 (PECq = 0.69) and S3 (PECq = 0.56) and a low potential toxicity in sediments from station S2 (PECq = 0.38). The studies also showed the actual toxicity of sediments for the test organisms. The sediment pore water was least toxic compared to the whole sediment: solid phases > whole sediment > pore water. The most sensitive organism for metals and PAHs in bottom sediments was Lepidium sativum, and in pore water—Sorghum saccharatum. The concentration of metals and PAHs in bottom sediments generally did not affect the toxicity for other organisms. Clay content and organic C content are likely to be important factors, which control heavy metal and PAH concentrations in the sediments. Data analysis by PCA found the same origin of metals as well as PAHs—mainly anthropogenic sources. The obtained information demonstrated the need to integrate ecotoxicological and chemical methods for an appropriate ecological risk assessment.

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Concentration of dioxin and screening level ecotoxicity of pore water from bottom sediments in relation to organic carbon contents

et al. 2020

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The information about concentrations of dioxin in pore water, ecotoxicity and DOC and TOC content can be key factor for the prediction of the fate of dioxins in the aquatic environment as well as an ecological risk assessment. The aims of the study were to assess the concentration of PCDDs/PCDFs and ecotoxicity of pore water and to compare above results in relation to the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and total organic carbon (TOC) content. The concentration of dioxins was assessed using an enzyme-linked immunoassay test, while the ecotoxicity of pore water was determined using a crustacean Daphnia magna and bacteria Aliivibrio fischeri. The studies were conducted on two different dammed reservoirs Rożnów (catchment basin of an agricultural character) and Rybnik (catchment basin of an industrial character) located in southern Poland. The concentration of dioxins in pore water was between 8.56 to 90.92 ng EQ/L, with a significantly higher concentration in the pore water from the Rożnów Reservoir than the Rybnik Reservoir. The DOC content in pore water was from 30.29 to 63.02 mg/L (Rożnów Reservoir) and from 35.46 to 60.53 mg/L (Rybnik Reservoir). Higher toxic responses were recorded for A. fischeri than for D. magna. Moreover a significantly higher toxicity for both tested organisms was indicated in pore water from the Rożnów Reservoir. Besides of TOC and DOC, the fine fractions of the sediments were particularly important in the concentration of dioxin in pore water. The other pore water parameters, such as pH and EC can influence the toxicity of water for organisms. The result indicate complex relationships between the PCDD/F, ecotoxicity and DOC, TOC concentration in pore water and confirms that these parameters are important in terms of water environmental contamination.

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Concentration, sources and risk assessment of PAHs in bottom sediments

Cited by 40 publications

References 51 publications

The influence of the quantity and quality of sediment organic matter on the potential mobility and toxicity of trace elements in bottom sediment

The influence of the quantity and quality of sediment organic matter on the potential mobility and toxicity of trace elements in bottom sediment

Use of Chemical Indicators and Bioassays in Bottom Sediment Ecological Risk Assessment

Concentration of dioxin and screening level ecotoxicity of pore water from bottom sediments in relation to organic carbon contents

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