Concentration, sources, influencing factors and hazards of heavy metals in indoor and outdoor dust: A review

Chu, Huaqiang; Liu, Ya; Xu, Nian; Xu, Junchao

doi:10.1007/s10311-022-01546-2

Cited by 23 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 142 publications

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“…Cd-, Pb- and Cr-containing paints or construction materials with coatings containing trace metals used in older buildings can contribute to higher levels of these elements [ 33 , 53 ]. Along with this, the combined effect of other mixed indoor sources (fumes from heaters, cooking, carpets or other textiles) has a significant impact [ 54 ], most notably since the presence of finer particles indoors creates an additional opportunity for contaminants to chain to dust, resulting in increased concentrations of trace elements [ 17 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of Minor and Major Metallic Elements in Residential Indoor Dust: A Case Study in Latvia

Araja,

Bertins,

Celma

et al. 2023

IJERPH

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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has not only brought considerable and permanent changes to economies and healthcare systems, but it has also greatly changed the habits of almost the entire society. During the lockdowns, people were forced to stay in their dwellings, which served as a catalyst for the initiation of a survey on the estimation of the metallic element content in residential indoor dust in different parts of Latvia. This article presents the study results obtained through the analysis of collected dust samples from 46 dwellings, both in the capital of Latvia, Riga, and in smaller cities. Two methods were employed for indoor dust collection: vacuum sampling and manual sampling with a brush and plastic spatula. After microwave-assisted acid extraction, the samples were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) in terms of the major (Na, K, Ca, Mg, Al and Fe) and minor (Mn, Ni, Co, Pb, Cr, As, Ba, Li, Be, B, V, Cu, Zn, Se, Rb, Sr, Cd, La, Ce and Bi) elements. For the data analysis, principal component analysis was performed. Among the measured metals, the highest values were determined for the macro and most abundant elements (Na > K > Ca > Fe > Mg > Al). The concentration ranges of the persistently detected elements were as follows: Pb, 0.27–1200 mg kg−1; Cd, 0.01–6.37 mg kg−1; Ni, 0.07–513 mg kg−1; As, 0.01–69.2 mg kg−1; Cu, 5.71–1900 mg kg−1; Zn, 53.6–21,100 mg kg−1; and Cr, 4.93–412 mg kg−1. The critical limit values of metallic elements in soil defined by the legislation of the Republic of Latvia (indicating the level at or above which the functional characteristics of soil are disrupted, or pollution poses a direct threat to human health or the environment) were exceeded in the following numbers of dwellings: Pb = 4, Ni = 2, As = 1, Cu = 16, Cr = 1 and Zn = 28.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of Minor and Major Metallic Elements in Residential Indoor Dust: A Case Study in Latvia

Araja,

Bertins,

Celma

et al. 2023

IJERPH

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“…Children tend to be exposed to toxicants in dust more than adults due to behaviours unique to children such as more time on the floor and hand-to-mouth behaviours (37). Further, households closer to dust generating sources such as busy roads and incinerators have more dust infiltration (38).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmentally persistent free radicals in household dust: the seasonal and longitudinal trends

Vilcins,

Dangal,

Lomnicki

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Objective Epidemiological links between air pollution and adverse health outcomes are strong, but the mechanism(s) remain obscure. A newly recognised combustion by-product, environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs), may be the missing link. EPFRs persist for extended periods of time in the environment, however very little is known about the presence of EPFRs inside homes where prolonged exposure is likely to occur. The objective of this study is to explore the presence of EPFRs in household dust and ascertain if EPFR concentration is stable across time and season. Material and methods The ORChID/ELLF cohort is a longitudinal birth cohort (n=82) with dust samples collected from the family vacuum cleaner at multiple time points. EPFR characteristics were assessed with electron paramagnetic resonance. Our team developed an algorithm to estimate oxygen-weighted concentration and impact score for risk of adverse health outcomes. Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test and Fishers exact tests were used to assess seasonal differences. A simple mixed-effects linear regression, with random intercepts on participant ID, was employed for longitudinal analysis of EPFR concentration in households that did not move. Results 83 participants returned 238 dust samples. EPFRs were measured in virtually all samples. EPFR concentration was stable across visits, when controlling for season and ambient air pollution (p=0.05), Oxygen-weighted EPFRs were also stable. There was a seasonal trend, with concentration (p=<0.01), oxygen weighted concentration (p=<0.01) and g factor (p=0.05) all significantly lower in summer months. Conclusion Our results indicate that the concentration of EPFRs in household dust are stable across time in households that did not move, but the oxygen-centred radicals are more sensitive to changes. These findings suggest that exposure to EPFRs occurs in the home and may be a significant place for exposure to highly biologically reactive EPFRs.

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“…HMs have been detected as widely distributed environmental pollutants due to extensive usage in industrial and daily consumer products [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ]. HMs are reported in the literature as mostly toxic, persistent, and bioaccumulative [ 4 , 5 , 8 , 9 ]. They tend to accumulate as substances of variable risk in farmland soils [ 3 ] and transmit to the top parts of the food chain, which serve as bioaccumulators [ 10 , 11 , 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological Risk and Pollution Assessment of Heavy Metals in Farmland Soil Profile with Consideration of Atmosphere Deposition in Central China

Zhao,

Hou,

Wang

2024

Toxics

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Heavy metals (HMs) in agricultural land have caused serious environmental problems, resulting in severe contamination of the food chain and posing potential health threats. This study aims to investigate the pollution levels and potential ecological risks of HMs in farmland soils in central China, taking into account atmospheric deposition. Several indices were used to assess the status of HMs and compare surface soil with deeper soil. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and UMAP clustering methods were utilized to identify the characteristics of HMs. Additionally, stepwise linear regression models were employed to quantify the contributions of different variables to the potential ecological risks of HMs. The results showed that the average content of Zn in surface soil (289.41 ± 87.72 mg/kg) was higher than in the deeper soil (207.62 ± 37.81 mg/kg), and similar differences were observed in the mean values of related Igeo (1.622 ± 0.453 in surface soil and 1.183 ± 0.259 in deeper soil) and PEI (0.965 ± 0.292 in surface soil and 0.692 ± 0.126 in deeper soil) indices. This indicates that surface soil is more heavily polluted. The UMAP results confirmed the high variability of HMs in the surface soil, while PCA results suggested the importance of pollution and ecological risk indices. The stepwise linear model revealed that different variable structures contribute differently to the risk. In conclusion, Cr and Zn were found to be the major contaminants in the local farmland soil, with higher concentrations in the surface soil. The geoaccumulation and total potential ecological risk were classified as low risk. High variability of HMs was observed in the surface soil. Therefore, HM-related pollution indices and ecological risk indices are important for assessing the contamination status of local HMs. The local potential ecological risk can be attributed to specific heavy metals, each of which can have different effects on the local ecological risk.

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Concentration, sources, influencing factors and hazards of heavy metals in indoor and outdoor dust: A review

Cited by 23 publications

References 142 publications

Distribution of Minor and Major Metallic Elements in Residential Indoor Dust: A Case Study in Latvia

Distribution of Minor and Major Metallic Elements in Residential Indoor Dust: A Case Study in Latvia

Environmentally persistent free radicals in household dust: the seasonal and longitudinal trends

Ecological Risk and Pollution Assessment of Heavy Metals in Farmland Soil Profile with Consideration of Atmosphere Deposition in Central China

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