Concentration threshold of non‐occluded nickel exposure in nickel‐sensitive individuals and controls with and without surfactant

Minné, T.; Calvin, G.

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1993.tb03533.x

Cited by 75 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Experimentally it has also been shown that the highest rate of nickel penetration from different salt solution occurs primarily in the fi rst 24 h [54] and the low and variable penetration of nickel across isolated skin supports the view of the importance of transfollicular diffusion, although the intercellular avenue should not be neglected [58] . Patchy skin reactions after testing of nickel allergy are also compatible with high concentrations of nickel in the appendages, especially in the concentration range between defi nite positive and negative reactions [44,59,60] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nickel Susceptibility and Skin Barrier Function to Water after Treatment with a Urea-Containing Moisturizer

et al. 2004

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Patients with eczema and other dry skin conditions use moisturizers also when the skin appears healthy. However, moisturizers have been found to change skin barrier function, and it appears that certain combinations of ingredients increase the skin susceptibility to external agents. In the present randomized and single-blind study, the influence of a urea-containing cream on nickel susceptibility in 35 patients with known allergy to nickel was evaluated. Treatment of the volar forearm twice daily for 20 days with the urea cream reduced transepidermal water loss (TEWL). However, the susceptibility to nickel sulfate was not changed by the cream treatment. Clinical scoring of the skin reaction did not show any difference between the untreated and the cream-treated area. Furthermore, the increase in TEWL did not differ between the areas. The absence in correlation between TEWL and skin susceptibility to nickel suggests different penetration pathways through the skin of water and nickel. Measurement of the skin permeability to other substances than water is pertinent to the understanding of the influence of moisturizers on the skin permeability and, ultimately, to their therapeutic efficacy in the prevention of contact eczema due to exposure to harmful exogenous substances.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nickel Susceptibility and Skin Barrier Function to Water after Treatment with a Urea-Containing Moisturizer

et al. 2004

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“…Patch testing with 5% nickel sulfate (2.0 mg/cm 2 ) in petrolatum is used in the European baseline series, whereas 2.5% (1.0 mg/cm 2 ) is used in North America (Figure ) . Nickel sulfate is less irritant than nickel chloride, although nickel chloride more accurately resembles real‐life exposure to nickel alloys in contact with human sweat . In general, doubtful and irritant patch test reactions to nickel are less common than those to other metals, such as cobalt and chromium .…”

Section: Diagnosing Nickel Allergymentioning

confidence: 99%

Nickel allergy and allergic contact dermatitis: A clinical review of immunology, epidemiology, exposure, and treatment

et al. 2019

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Nickel is the most frequent cause of contact allergy worldwide and has been studied extensively. This clinical review provides an updated overview of the epidemiology, exposure sources, methods for exposure quantification, skin deposition and penetration, immunology, diagnosis, thresholds for sensitization and elicitation, clinical pictures, prevention, and treatment. The implementation of a nickel regulation in Europe led to a decrease in the prevalence of nickel allergy, and changes in the clinical picture and disease severity. Nevertheless, the prevalences of nickel allergy in the European general population are approximately 8% to 19% in adults and 8% to 10% in children and adolescents, with a strong female predominance. Well‐known consumer items such as jewellery and metal in clothing are still the main causes of nickel allergy and dermatitis, although a wide range of items for both private and occupational use may cause dermatitis. Allergic nickel dermatitis may be localized to the nickel exposure site, be more widespread, or present as hand eczema. Today, efficient methods for exposure quantification exist, and new insights regarding associated risk factors and immunological mechanisms underlying the disease have been obtained. Nevertheless, questions remain in relation to the pathogenesis, the persistent high prevalence, and the treatment of severe cases.

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“…The ability of nickel ions to cause a dermal reaction in sensitized individuals depends on their concentration, the exposed skin area and the exposure duration (Flint, 1998). Generally, a concentration exceeding 1.5 lg Ni chloride per cm 2 of skin in an open application is required to elicit dermatitis in sensitized individuals (Menné and Calvin, 1993). However, lower concentrations may also induce an allergic reaction if other irritants or allergens are present in parallel (Pedersen et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nickel release and surface characteristics of fine powders of nickel metal and nickel oxide in media of relevance for inhalation and dermal contact

Mazinanian

Hedberg

Wallinder

2013

Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology

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Differences in surface oxide characteristics and extent of nickel release have been investigated in two thoroughly characterized micron-sized (mainly <4 μm) nickel metal powders and a nickel oxide bulk powder when immersed in two different synthetic fluids, artificial sweat (ASW-pH 6.5) and artificial lysosomal fluid (ALF-pH 4.5) for time periods up to 24h. The investigation shows significantly more nickel released from the nickel metal powders (<88%) compared to the NiO powder (<0.1%), attributed to differences in surface properties. Significantly more nickel was released from the nickel metal powder with a thin surface oxide predominantly composed of non-stoichiometric nickel oxide (probably Ni(2)O(3)), compared to the release from the nickel metal powder with a thicker surface oxide predominantly composed of NiO and to a lesser extent Ni(2)O(3) (88% and 25% release after 24 h in ALF, respectively). Significantly lower amounts of nickel were released from the nickel metal powders in ASW (2.2% and <1%, respectively). The importance of particle and surface characteristics for any reliable risk assessment is discussed, and generated data compared with literature findings on bioaccessibility (released fraction) of nickel from powders of nickel metal and nickel oxide, and massive forms of nickel metal and nickel-containing alloys.

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Concentration threshold of non‐occluded nickel exposure in nickel‐sensitive individuals and controls with and without surfactant

Cited by 75 publications

References 15 publications

Nickel Susceptibility and Skin Barrier Function to Water after Treatment with a Urea-Containing Moisturizer

Nickel Susceptibility and Skin Barrier Function to Water after Treatment with a Urea-Containing Moisturizer

Nickel allergy and allergic contact dermatitis: A clinical review of immunology, epidemiology, exposure, and treatment

Nickel release and surface characteristics of fine powders of nickel metal and nickel oxide in media of relevance for inhalation and dermal contact

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