Concentration variations of tropospheric nitrous oxide over Japan

Ishijima, Kentaro; Nakazawa, Takakiyo; Sugawara, Satoshi; Aoki, Shuji; Saeki, Tazu

doi:10.1029/2000gl011465

Cited by 25 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Previous studies have reported details of the Tohoku University (TU) aircraft observations for CO 2 (Tanaka et al, 1987;Nakazawa et al, 1993b), N 2 O (Ishijima et al, 2001(Ishijima et al, , 2010 and O 2 /N 2 (Ishidoya et al, 2012). To collect air samples using aircraft, two programs have been conducted (Fig.…”

Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Detection of STE-influenced samples was made as follows. (1) The N 2 O concentration data at the respective altitude levels were detrended using the above curve fitting technique (see (Prinn et al, 1990;Ishijima et al, 2001). Histograms at higher altitudes were skewed to the lower concentration side due to a significant number of STEinfluenced samples.…”

Section: Data Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Variations of tropospheric methane over Japan during 1988–2010

Umezawa

Goto

Aoki

et al. 2014

Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology

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A B S T R A C TWe present observations of CH 4 concentrations from the lower to upper troposphere (LT and UT) over Japan during 1988Á2010 based on aircraft measurements from the Tohoku University (TU). The analysis is aided by simulation results using an atmospheric chemistry transport model (i.e. ACTM). Tropospheric CH 4 over Japan shows interannual and seasonal variations that are dependent on altitudes, primarily reflecting differences in air mass origins at different altitudes. The long-term trend and interannual variation of CH 4 in the LT are consistent with previous reports of measurements at surface baseline stations in the northern hemisphere. However, those in the UT show slightly different features from those in the LT. In the UT, CH 4 concentrations show a seasonal maximum in August due to efficient transport of air masses influenced by continental CH 4 sources, while LT CH 4 reaches its seasonal minimum during summer due to enhanced chemical loss. Vertical profiles of the CH 4 concentrations also vary with season, reflecting the seasonal cycles at the respective altitudes. In summer, transport of CH 4 -rich air from Asian regions elevates UT CH 4 levels, forming a uniform vertical profile above the mid-troposphere. On the other hand, CH 4 decreases nearly monotonically with altitude in winterÁspring. The ACTM simulations with different emission scenarios reproduce general features of the tropospheric CH 4 variations over Japan. Tagged tracer simulations using the ACTM indicate substantial contributions of CH 4 sources in South Asia and East Asia to the summertime high CH 4 values observed in the UT. This suggests that our observations over Japan are highly sensitive to CH 4 emission signals particularly from Asia.

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Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Data Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variations of tropospheric methane over Japan during 1988–2010

Umezawa

Goto

Aoki

et al. 2014

Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology

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“…The assumption that $2% of anthropogenic N leaks off as N 2 O has been shown to reproduce the general shape of the increase in atmospheric N 2 O over the last 150 years [Nevison et al, 1996;McElroy and Wang, 2005] (also see Figure 1a). However, only a few studies have examined the finer-scale seasonal variability in atmospheric N 2 O [Bouwman and Taylor, 1996;Levin et al, 2002;Liao et al, 2004;Nevison et al, 2004Nevison et al, , 2005 and still fewer have discussed N 2 O's interannual variability [Schauffler and Daniel, 1994;Wong et al, 1999;Ishijima et al, 2001]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interannual and seasonal variability in atmospheric N₂O

Nevison

Mahowald

Weiss

et al. 2007

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

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[1] The increase in atmospheric N 2 O observed over the last century reflects large-scale human perturbations to the global nitrogen cycle. High-precision measurements of atmospheric N 2 O over the last decade reveal subtle signals of interannual variability (IAV) superimposed upon the more prominent growth trend. Anthropogenic sources drive the underlying growth in N 2 O, but are probably too monotonic to explain most of the observed IAV. The causes of both seasonal and interannual variability in atmospheric N 2 O are explored on the basis of comparisons of a 1993-2004 atmospheric transport simulation to observations of N 2 O at five stations of the Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment (AGAGE). The complementary tracers chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) 11 and 12 and SF 6 also are examined. The model simulation does not include a stratospheric sink and thus isolates the effects of surface sources and tropospheric transport. Both model and observations yield correlations in seasonal and interannual variability among species, but only in a few cases are model and observed variability correlated to each other. The results suggest that tropospheric transport contributes substantially to observed variability, especially at Samoa station. However, some features of observed variability are not explained by the model simulation and appear more consistent with a stratospheric influence. At Mace Head, Ireland, N 2 O and CFC growth rate anomalies are weakly correlated to IAV in polar winter lower stratospheric temperature, a proxy for the strength of the mean meridional stratospheric circulation. Seasonal and interannual variability in the natural sources of N 2 O may also contribute to observed variability in atmospheric N 2 O.

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“…Such measurements with a longer data record include the approximately weekly measurements by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/Earth Systems Research Laboratory/Global Monitoring Division (NOAA/ESRL/GMD) [Hall et al, 2007; ftp://ftp.cmdl.noaa.gov/hats/n2o/], the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Francey et al, 2003], in situ measurements from the Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment (AGAGE) [Prinn et al, 2000] from mid-1978 to mid-1998 [Prinn et al, 2000]. The mean growth rates of 0.50 to 0.64 ppb yr À1 for selected height intervals of 0-2, 2-4, 4-6, 6-8 km, and 8 km-tropopause were measured using aircrafts from 1991 to 1999 over Japan [Ishijima et al, 2001]. The measurements of N 2 O total column have been carried out from the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC) using the groundbased high-resolution solar Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, showing that the total column of N 2 O has a linear trend between 0.19 ± 0.01 and 0.40 ± 0.02% yr À1 during 1996-2007 depending on latitudes [Angelbratt et al, 2011], with this difference likely due to the impact from STT.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrieval of nitrous oxide from Atmospheric Infrared Sounder: Characterization and validation

et al. 2014

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This paper presents the retrieval algorithm of nitrous oxide (N 2 O) using the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) on EOS/Aqua, its validation using aircraft measurements, and one possible application for . This algorithm will be implemented in AIRS operational retrieval system, enabling the derivation of the N 2 O for over 20 years using the AIRS, the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer, and the Cross-track Infrared Sounder. Such a unique product will be complementary to currently sparse ground-based observations for monitoring the N 2 O trend associated with climate change.

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Concentration variations of tropospheric nitrous oxide over Japan

Cited by 25 publications

References 21 publications

Variations of tropospheric methane over Japan during 1988–2010

Variations of tropospheric methane over Japan during 1988–2010

Interannual and seasonal variability in atmospheric N₂O

Retrieval of nitrous oxide from Atmospheric Infrared Sounder: Characterization and validation

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Concentration variations of tropospheric nitrous oxide over Japan

Cited by 25 publications

References 21 publications

Variations of tropospheric methane over Japan during 1988–2010

Variations of tropospheric methane over Japan during 1988–2010

Interannual and seasonal variability in atmospheric N2O

Retrieval of nitrous oxide from Atmospheric Infrared Sounder: Characterization and validation

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Interannual and seasonal variability in atmospheric N₂O