Concentrations and Emissions of Particulate Matter from Intensive Pig Production at a Large Farm in North China

Abstract

Particulate matter (PM) pollution from pig farms is of increasing environmental concern due to the rapid development of intensively managed pig farms worldwide. However, information on this topic is scarce in China to date. Therefore a two-year study to monitor the dynamics of total suspended particles (TSP) and particulate matter with diameter less than 10 µm (PM 10 ) and their soluble ions was conducted at an industrial pig farm near Beijing. In total, two fattening pig houses were sampled during three fattening periods from 2010 to 2011. Daily mean indoor TSP and PM 10 concentrations were 1.85 and 0.63 mg m -3 on average.

Particulate Matter in Swine Barns: A Comprehensive Review

“…It is an important topic since NH3 emitted from animal barns is an essential precursor for SIA formation and SIAs account for a significant fraction of atmospheric PM2.5 (up to 80%). However, the IC quantification data from both studies (Yang et al, 2011;Xu et al, 2016) showed that NO3and SO4 2were not fully neutralized by NH4 + in PM. Thus, part of NO3and SO4 2could originate from minerals or nitrification and should not be included in the calculation of SIA mass in swine barns.…”

“… PM concentrations show significant seasonality (Predicala et al, 2001;Schmidt et al, 2002;Zhu et al, 2005;Jerez et al, 2009;Yao et al, 2010;Peters, et al, 2012;Basinas et al, 2013;Xu et al, 2016;Yang et al, 2015;Shang et al, 2020), with generally the highest concentrations occurring in winter and the lowest concentrations in summer. Such seasonality is believed to be related to ventilation rates (Predicala et al, 2001;Yang et al, 2015).…”

“…Other anions (e.g., PO4 3-) and cations (e.g., K + and Na + ) are often not analyzed because they can be quantified through elemental analysis. Only two studies analyzed the composition of soluble ions in swine barn PM (Yang et al, 2011;Xu et al, 2016). Yang et al (2011) collected PM10 and PM2.5 samples from 12 swine barns in Illinois during multiple seasons and examined their Cl -, NO3 -, SO4 2-, and NH4 + concentrations using ion chromatography (IC).…”

“…No significant seasonality was found for PM10; while summer PM2.5 samples had overall higher ion contents than winter samples. Xu et al (2016) analyzed Cl -, NO3 -, SO4 2-, and NH4 + in TSP and PM10 samples from a finisher barn in China using IC. A significant seasonality was observed, with summer TSP and PM10 samples containing substantially higher NO3 -, SO4 2and NH4 + contents than fall and winter samples.…”

Mitigation Strategies of Air Pollutants for Mechanical Ventilated Livestock and Poultry Housing—A Review

“…The rising demand for food, especially for livestock products, has elicited great concerns over their negative environmental impacts [1][2][3]. In different parts of the world, animal production is highly concentrated, and intensive large-scale animal husbandry operations have expanded rapidly [4,5]. Not only are there more animals in the farms, but the farms themselves are becoming more specialized, consequently increasing their environmental load; this includes their contamination load upon soil and water, and their gaseous load upon air [5,6].…”