Concentrations and health risk assessment of metal(loid)s in indoor dust from two typical cities of China

Abstract

Eleven trace metal(loid)s were determined in the household dust samples from Chengdu and Tianjin, China, and related human exposure and health risk to metal(loid)s via indoor dust intake were evaluated. The trace metal(loid)s were found to be highly concentrated and polluted in the indoor environment of Chengdu and Tianjin, especially for Cu, Zn, Cd, Sb, and Pb, of which the enrichment factors exceeding 5. Metal(loid) levels in the indoor dust samples exhibited no statistical differences between the two cities, with the exception of Sb, which was detected higher in the Chengdu samples. Bioaccessibilities in stomach phase of each element were estimated, Cd, Pb, and Sr exhibited higher bioaccessibility, and Sb showed the lowest bioaccessibility in both Chengdu and Tianjin. Dust ingestion was the main metal(loid) exposure pathway for Chengdu and Tianjin inhabitants, followed by dermal contact, dust inhalation accounted for less than 1 % of the total daily metal(loid) intakes and thus could be negligible. Children suffered more risk when exposure to metal(loid)s via indoor dust intake due to their higher frequency of hand to mouth activities. Risk evaluation indicated that, for most Chengdu and Tianjin inhabitants, there is little non-cancer and carcinogen risk when exposure to indoor dust. However, there is a potential non-cancer and carcinogen risk for children and adults in Chengdu, in the case of highly exposed scenario based on the current study.

Health risk assessments of arsenic and toxic heavy metal exposure in drinking water in northeast Iran

“…As the result showed, the HQ dermal contact of Cr determined for more than 63% of HI dermal contact for children. This was consistent with the previous studies; they reported that dermal contact with Cr contributed to higher non-carcinogenic risk compared to other exposure routes [17, 40].…”

“…Notably, the Cr 6+ is much more toxic than Cr 3+ and other metals that were used to assess human exposure in this study. However, Cr 6+ is decreased into Cr 3+ in the human body; thus, there might be an overestimation in determining health risk [17, 41]. It should be noted that the HI total elements (HQ ingestion + HQ dermal contact ) values for children were higher than that of an adult, suggesting that children were more susceptible to non-carcinogenic risk from the heavy metals.…”

“…In the last 14 years, data on As contamination in Bangladesh showed that 42.1% of the drinking samples had As above 50 μg/L [9, 13]. The average concentrations of Pb, Cr, Ni, and Zn in drinking water in some metropolitan cities of Iran [14–16] and Thailand [4, 17] exceeded the guidelines value, which was linked to the pipeline corrosion and poor domestic treatment.…”

Characteristics, distribution, and children exposure assessment of 13 metals in household dust in China: A big data pilot study

“…The general information of 30 eligible papers focused on 13 types of metals in household dust was shown in Table 1 12,17–19,21,29–53 . Twenty‐one papers were conducted in rural areas, while 17 papers were conducted in urban areas.…”

Graphene Based Copper‐Nickel Bimetal Nanocomposite: Magnetically Separable Catalyst for Reducing Hexavalent Chromium

“…The high temperature promotes efficiently the decomposition of HCOOH into active H 2 , which can reduce Cr (VI) directly. Besides, the increase of temperature is beneficial to the increase of acidity on the surface of the catalyst, [41] which further accelerates the reaction. However, reaction at high temperature is not easy to operate or energy-efficient.…”