Concentrations and patterns of polychlorinated naphthalenes in surface sediment samples from Wuxi, Suzhou, and Nantong, in East China

Zhang, Linli; Zhang, Lifei; Dong, Liang; Huang, Yanqiu; Li, Xiaoxiu

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.07.045

Cited by 30 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 34 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…They are conveyed from their production sites into far distances worldwide by wind, water, other moving species and accumulated overtime in our terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems [6]. PCNs occur universally in both living and non-living things, and bio-accumulate in fatty tissues of humans [42,57,82]. They are discharged into our surroundings through various industrial processes similar to PCDD and PCDF during their commercial production and as byproducts in the production of PCB [79,83,84].…”

Section: Sources Of Pcns In the Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The amber glass bottles is recommended for aqueous samples to avert direct contact with sunbeams [120]. Soil or sediment samples are usually collected with a stainless steel grab sampler [40,42,46,121], or gravity core equipment [23,38]. The samples are kept in either aluminium-covering glass containers [38], glass jar [121], aluminium foil [122], or polyethylene bags [43].…”

Section: Water and Sediment Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The grab samplers are portable, affordable, adaptable in all environment, enormous sample collection and is easily operated [123]. The samples are air or freeze-dried, ground, sieved and stored in amber glass bottles until analysis [42,43,84].…”

Section: Water and Sediment Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The occurrence of PCNs have been widely studied in various matrices around the world; air [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20], fish and seafood's [21][22][23][24], foods [25][26][27][28], biota [8,23,29], human samples [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37], sediment [23,29,[38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47], water [43,48,49], sewage sludge samples [50]. Nevertheless, studies relating to PCN occurrence in water samples is minimal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

A review on occurrence and analytical procedures for the evaluation of polychlorinated naphthalenes in human and environmental matrices

Agunbiade

Adeniji

Okoh

et al. 2020

Environmental Pollutants and Bioavailability

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) are organochlorine compounds comprising the naphthalene ring system, in which one to eight hydrogen atoms have been substituted with chlorine atoms, yielding 75 chlorinated congeners. They were considered as persistent organic pollutants in May 2015 at the Stockholm Convention owing to their toxicity, persistence, bioaccumulation and potential for long-range transport in the environment. PCNs were invented in the early 1900s to be applied as flame-retardants in consumer products. Flameretardants are effective in minimizing fire-related problems. However, their negative environmental impacts have become of great concerns. Different analytical methods for the evaluation of PCNs in various environmental samples were reviewed in this article.. Their levels in human and some environmental samples across the globe are also mentioned. Reported data revealed that the highly toxic congeners (CNs 66, 67 and 73) are prevalent in most samples, there is need for their continuous monitoring in our environment.

show abstract

Section: Sources Of Pcns In the Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Water and Sediment Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Water and Sediment Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A review on occurrence and analytical procedures for the evaluation of polychlorinated naphthalenes in human and environmental matrices

Agunbiade

Adeniji

Okoh

et al. 2020

Environmental Pollutants and Bioavailability

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The IDL for each PCN was between 0.06 and 0.13 pg (on column), the MDL for the fish extracts was 1.3 to 3.4 pg/g (wet weight) (Table 2) and 0.46 to 1.2 pg/g (dry weight) for the sediment (Table 3). These detection limits are effective for the determination of PCNs in tissue, soils and sediments as concentrations reported all over the globe such as in; Sweden (Jarnberg et al 1997), China (Zhang et al 2015), Pakistan (Mahmood et al 2014) and the Great Lakes region (Clement et al 2012;Helm et al 2006) generally range from low pg/g to ng/g.…”

Section: Pcns In Spiked Fish and Sedimentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Congener specific determination of polychlorinated naphthalenes in sediment and biota by gas chromatography high resolution mass spectrometry

Lega

Megson

Hartley

et al. 2017

Journal of Chromatography A

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

An isotope dilution congener-specific method for the determination of the most abundant and most toxic polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) was developed using gas chromatography with high resolution mass spectrometry (GC-HRMS). The method was used to determine the concentration of 24 target congeners and total PCN concentrations in fish and sediment samples. Tissue samples were extracted using pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) and sediment samples were extracted using Soxhlet extraction. Sample extracts were cleaned up using either a manual two-stage open column procedure or an automated FMS Power Prep System with multi-analyte and multi-sample capability using a three-column cleanup procedure. Sediment extracts were cleaned up with a dual open column cleanup technique involving the use of both a multi-layered silica (silver nitrate/acid/base/neutral silica) column followed by column containing carbon-activated silica. Fish tissue extracts were cleaned up on the automated system involving the use of a high capacity ABN (acid/base/neutral column), carbon celite column, and a basic alumina column. The method is capable of producing instrument detection limits (IDLs) between 0.06 and 0.13pg for each PCN (on column), with method detection limits (MDLs) for the fish extracts ranging from 1.3 to 3.4pg/g (wet weight) and 0.46 to 1.2pg/g (dry weight) for sediments. The average accuracy of 34 spiked fish samples analysed over a period of several months was 100% with a precision (%RSD) of 12%. Similarly, the average accuracy for 28 spiked sediment samples was 104% with a precision (%RSD) of 12%. The application of the method to environmental samples was demonstrated through the analysis of sediment and fish samples obtained from Lake Ontario, Canada. The method is used both for the determination of 24 PCNs and to perform non-targeted screening for the remaining 51 PCN congeners, which are included in the total PCN quantification result. It is currently one of the most comprehensive and accurate congener-specific methods available and was developed from the existing techniques used for the determination of polychlorinated dioxins and furans to produce high quality data with only minor modifications in the clean-up procedure. It can therefore be readily adopted by other laboratories performing dioxin and POP analyses.

show abstract

Attenuation of the Atmospheric Migration Ability of Polychlorinated Naphthalenes (PCN-2) Based on Three-dimensional QSAR Models with Full Factor Experimental Design

Chen

2017

Bull Environ Contam Toxicol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Based on the experimental subcooled liquid vapor pressures (P ) of 17 polychlorinated naphthalene (PCN) congeners, one type of three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) models, comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA), was constructed with Sybyl software. Full factor experimental design was used to obtain the final regulation scheme for PCN, and then carry out modification of PCN-2 to significantly lower its P. The contour maps of CoMSIA model showed that the migration ability of PCN decreases when the Cl atoms at the 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 7- and 8-positions of PCNs are replaced by electropositive groups. After modification of PCN-2, 12 types of new modified PCN-2 compounds were obtained with lnP values two orders of magnitude lower than that of PCN-2. In addition, there are significant differences between the calculated total energies and energy gaps of the new modified compounds and those of PCN-2.

show abstract

Concentrations and patterns of polychlorinated naphthalenes in surface sediment samples from Wuxi, Suzhou, and Nantong, in East China

Cited by 30 publications

References 34 publications

A review on occurrence and analytical procedures for the evaluation of polychlorinated naphthalenes in human and environmental matrices

A review on occurrence and analytical procedures for the evaluation of polychlorinated naphthalenes in human and environmental matrices

Congener specific determination of polychlorinated naphthalenes in sediment and biota by gas chromatography high resolution mass spectrometry

Attenuation of the Atmospheric Migration Ability of Polychlorinated Naphthalenes (PCN-2) Based on Three-dimensional QSAR Models with Full Factor Experimental Design

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About