Concentrations and trends of perfluorinated chemicals in potential indoor sources from 2007 through 2011 in the US

What is the effect of phasing out long-chain per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances on the concentrations of perfluoroalkyl acids and their precursors in the environment? A systematic review

“…Decreasing temporal trends of PFCAs were observed in recent years in many consumer products in the one study performed [108]. These reductions in levels in consumer products have not apparently led to a reduction in the levels of PFCAs in digested sewage sludge where no temporal trends have been observed (the only decline was for PFOS).…”

“…PFHxS showed a statistically significant declining trend in marine water on the west coast of South Korea between 2008 and 2012 [95] and PFDS showed a significantly increasing trend in the same seawater. Liu et al [108] also reported an increasing temporal trend in PFSAs for one product (a carpet shampoo). They attributed the increasing PFSA trend in the carpet shampoo to the increased use of PFBS in recent years, but no statistical analysis was performed in the Liu et al study and the data were insufficient to perform a statistical analysis in this present study.…”

“…PFOA showed statistically significant downward trends in several different consumer products, whereas it showed significant increasing trends in food contact paper (Category H in Additional file 7, Figure S17) [108]. PFOA showed statistically significant declining trends in the same surface waters for which declining PFOS trends were also observed, namely; in Tokyo Bay between 2004 and 2006 [129], in marine and fresh waters on the west coast of Korea between 2008 and 2012 [95] and in Bohai Bay on the east coast of China between 2011 and 2013 [140].…”

“…Liu et al [108] reported that the PFCA content showed an overall downward trend in consumer products from 2007 to 2011. Our analysis showed statistically significant downward trends (and in some cases large annual changes) for PFHpA, PFNA, PFDA, PFUnDA and PFDoDA in various products (see Additional file 7, Figures S14, S22, S27, S32, S36 for details), whereas other products showed no significant trends (the statistical power to detect trends was however low in those cases).…”

Are imported consumer products an important diffuse source of PFASs to the Norwegian environment?

“…Washburn et al, 2005;Mawn et al, 2005;Larsen et al, 2006;Russell et al, 2008Russell et al, , 2010 and market screening studies where samples have been collected without detailed knowledge about the chemistry being used in the sampled products (Herzke et al, 2012;Greenpeace, 2013;Brigden et al, 2013;Knepper et al, 2014;Liu et al, 2014). Table 1 demonstrates that extractable concentrations of PFASs display considerable variability, ranging over five orders of magnitude for individual homologues between the different studies.…”