Concentrations, homolog profiles, and risk assessment of short- and medium-chain chlorinated paraffins in soil around factories in a non-ferrous metal recycling park

Regional soil contamination by halogenated organic pollutants attributed to E‐waste recycling, scattered industrialization and urbanization

“…The concentrations of SCCP in urban and industrialized areas of Zhejiang, China, were higher than those in farmland soil near a CP production facility in Liaocheng, China (5.4–381 ng/g dw, mean = 28 ng/g dw) (Chen et al, 2021), coastal soil in the intertidal zone of Shandong Peninsula, China (50–266 ng/g, mean = 94 ng/g) (Zhao et al, 2019), urban soils (<DL–615 ng/g, mean = 16 ng/g) (Wang et al, 2014) and suburban soils (ND–697 ng/g, median = 3.5 ng/g) (Wang et al, 2017) of Shanghai, China and topsoils from Guangzhou (1.5–26 ng/g with the mean concentration of 10 ng/g dw) and Chengdu (0.22–3.3 ng/g dw, mean concentration = 1.4 ng/g dw) (Huang et al, 2016). The concentrations of SCCP in soil of industrialized and urban areas in this study were of the same order of magnitude as those in the soil nearby factories of a non‐ferrous metal recycling park located in Hebei, China (121–5159 ng/g, mean of 597 ng/g) (Weng et al, 2022), soils from the rural dumpsites and urban landfill on the Tibetan plateau (57–1348 ng/g dw, mean concentration = 434 ng/g dw) (Li, Xu, et al, 2021), soil samples collected from the Yangkou Chemical Industrial Park of Jiangsu Province, China (38–996 ng/g dw, mean concentration = 225 ng/g dw) (Huang et al, 2020), soil samples collected from the outside of a CP production plant in Shandong, China (102–441 ng/g, mean = 248 ng/g), ambient surface soils collected from the surrounding area of a CP production plant located in Dalian City, northeast China (25–482 ng/g with the mean concentration of 142 ng/g) (Xu et al, 2016), backfilled farmland soil samples collected near the sewage outlet of the highly polluted Ya'Er Lake (mean concentration = 357 ng/g dw) (Li, Chen, et al, 2021), soil samples collected from Dongguan City, South China (mean concentration = 172 ng/g) (Wu et al, 2020) and farm soils collected from a wastewater irrigated area in the southeast suburbs of Beijing, China (160–1450 ng/g) (Zeng et al, 2011). The concentrations of SCCP in soil of industrialized and urban areas in this study were lower than those in soils collected inside of the CP production plant in Dalian (1018.4–1824.4 ng/g, mean concentration = 1421.4 ng/g) (Xu et al, 2016) and Zibo (199–554,160 ng/g, mean concentration = 372,240 ng/g) (Wang et al, 2018), China.…”

Health Risks Posed by Dermal and Inhalation Exposure to High Concentrations of Chlorinated Paraffins Found in Soft Poly(vinyl chloride) Curtains

“…Since then, they have been used in various products, and global cumulative CP production reached 33 million metric tons (Mt) in 2020. , CPs have various uses, including use in adhesives and metal working fluids, and as flame retardants and plasticizers. , Short-chain CPs (SCCPs) are now classed as persistent organic pollutants, and attention has increasingly focused on the environmental behaviors of CPs. Studies of the unintentional discharges of CPs during use and recycling − and from everyday items containing CPs − have indicated that CPs are ubiquitous in the environment. Therefore, there are concerns about the risks of CPs to humans through intake from food − and contact with CP-containing products. − …”

Tissue-Specific Accumulation of Orally Administered Short- and Medium-Chain Chlorinated Paraffins in Honeybees (Apis mellifera L.)

“…Chlorinated paraffins (CPs) are an important class of environmental contaminants utilized in the production of flame retardants and plasticizers in plastics, rubbers, inks, paints, adhesives, and surface coatings, among other products. They are persistent and ubiquitous in the environment and have been widely found in various abiotic media 1,2 and biota. 3,4 Chen et al summarized the biological data on CPs published from 1982 to 2022 and found high concentrations of CPs in aquatic and terrestrial organisms from e-waste recycling areas and in plants and animals from Tibet, China.…”

“…Chlorinated paraffins (CPs) are an important class of environmental contaminants utilized in the production of flame retardants and plasticizers in plastics, rubbers, inks, paints, adhesives, and surface coatings, among other products. They are persistent and ubiquitous in the environment and have been widely found in various abiotic media , and biota. , Chen et al summarized the biological data on CPs published from 1982 to 2022 and found high concentrations of CPs in aquatic and terrestrial organisms from e-waste recycling areas and in plants and animals from Tibet, China . For humans, CPs have been frequently detected in numerous foodstuffs − and consumer products and can enter the body through ingestion and then spread to organ tissues. , The concentrations of CPs in these studies ranged from below the detection limit to hundreds or thousands of nanograms per gram of wet weight (ww).…”