CONCENTRATIONS OF 226Ra, 232Th, AND 40K IN THE SOILS OF BANGALORE REGION, INDIA

Prasad, N. G. Shiva; Nagaiah, N.; Ashok, GV; Karunakara, N.

doi:10.1097/01.hp.0000291943.50516.d0

Cited by 38 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Generally, all gamma dose rates were 30-80 times higher than the Norwegian average of 0.073 mGy h À1 and the world average of 0.058 mGy h À1 given by UNSCEAR, 2,26 as well as higher than those obtained for different reference sites worldwide. [29][30][31] However, results were comparable and confirmed the previous Fen Complex measurements obtained by Dahlgren, 32 Heincke et al, 15 and IFE. 20 Significant differences (p ¼ 0.0005) were found between some of the investigated sites.…”

Section: Gamma Dose Ratessupporting

confidence: 84%

Outdoor²²⁰Rn,²²²Rn and terrestrial gamma radiation levels: investigation study in the thorium rich Fen Complex, Norway

2012

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The present study was done in the Fen Complex, a Norwegian area rich in naturally occurring radionuclides, especially in thorium ((232)Th). Measurement of radioactivity levels was conducted at the decommissioned iron (Fe) and niobium (Nb) mining sites (TENORM) as well as at the undisturbed wooded sites (NORM), all open for free public access. The soil activity concentrations of (232)Th (3280-8395 Bq kg(-1)) were significantly higher than the world and the Norwegian average values and exceeded the Norwegian screening level (1000 Bq kg(-1)) for radioactive waste, while radium ((226)Ra) was present at slightly elevated levels (89-171 Bq kg(-1)). Terrestrial gamma dose rates were also elevated, ranging 2.6-4.4 μGy h(-1). Based on long-term surveys, the air concentrations of thoron ((220)Rn) and radon ((222)Rn) reached 1786 and 82 Bq m(-3), respectively. Seasonal variation in the outdoor gamma dose rates and Rn concentrations was confirmed. Correlation analyses showed a linear relationship between air radiation levels and the abundance of (232)Th in soil. The annual outdoor effective radiation doses for humans (occupancy 5 h day(-1)) were estimated to be in the range of 3.0-7.7 mSv, comparable or higher than the total average (summarized indoor and outdoor) exposure dose for the Norwegian population (2.9 mSv year(-1)). On the basis of all obtained results, this Norwegian area should be considered as enhanced natural radiation area (ENRA).

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Section: Gamma Dose Ratessupporting

confidence: 84%

Outdoor²²⁰Rn,²²²Rn and terrestrial gamma radiation levels: investigation study in the thorium rich Fen Complex, Norway

2012

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“…Substantial work associated with the evaluation of the radioecological situation in 238 U and 232 Th deposit regions and in vicinity of mines has been performed in several regions such as Brazil, Australia, Europe, USA and Canada. [4][5][6][7][8] Some studies have shown various pathways of radionuclide and metal leaching from rocks and soil, as well as their transportation and concentration of hazardous decay products into the water, plants and animals in different degrees. 7,[9][10][11][12] It has also been shown that radionuclides could be present as radioactive particles.…”

Section: Environmental Impactmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of radionuclide and metal contamination in a thorium rich area in Norway

Salbu

Strand²,

Skipperud

2011

J. Environ. Monit.

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The Fen Central Complex in southern Norway, a geologically well investigated area of magmatic carbonatite rocks, is assumed to be among the world largest natural reservoirs of thorium ((232)Th). These rocks, also rich in iron (Fe), niobium (Nb), uranium ((238)U) and rare earth elements (REE), were mined in several past centuries. Waste locations, giving rise to enhanced levels of both radionuclides and metals, are now situated in the area. Estimation of radionuclide and metal contamination of the environment and radiological risk assessment were done in this study. The average outdoor gamma dose rate measured in Fen, 2.71 μGy h(-1), was significantly higher than the world average dose rate of 0.059 μGy h(-1). The annual exposure dose from terrestrial gamma radiation, related to outdoor occupancy, was in the range 0.18-9.82 mSv. The total activity concentrations of (232)Th and (238)U in soil ranged from 69 to 6581 and from 49 to 130 Bq kg(-1), respectively. Enhanced concentrations were also identified for metals, arsenic (As), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr) and zinc (Zn), in the vicinity of former mining sites. Both radionuclide and heavy metal concentrations suggested leaching, mobilization and distribution from rocks into the soil. Correlation analysis indicated different origins for (232)Th and (238)U, but same or similar for (232)Th and metals As, Cr, Zn, nickel (Ni) and cadmium (Cd). The results from in situ size fractionation of water demonstrated radionuclides predominately present as colloids and low molecular mass (LMM) species, being potentially mobile and available for uptake in aquatic organisms of Norsjø Lake. Transfer factors, calculated for different plant species, showed the highest radionuclide accumulation in mosses and lichens. Uptake in trees was, as expected, lower. Relationship analysis of (232)Th and (238)U concentrations in moss and soil samples showed a significant positive linear correlation.

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“…Table 2. Absorbed gamma dose rates in cities from different parts of the world compared with those obtained in the present study City D (nGy h -1 ) Bangalore, India [15] 117 (61-202) Csongrad, Hungary [14] 38 Debrecen, Hungary [14] 24 Faisalabad, Pakistan [16] 73 (62-79) Istanbul, Turkey [17] 49 (15-71) Palic, Serbia [13] Horgos, Serbia [13] Belgrade, Serbia [18] Alkharje, Saudi Arabia [19] 36 32 60 (25-90) 24 (15-30) Tafila, Jordan [20] 40(22-63) Tripoli, Libya [21] 23 (20-24) Windhoek, Namibia [22] 56 (41-70) Zacatecas, Mexico [23] 45 (28-67) Zahedan, Iran [24] Subotica,this study 158 (16-300) 32 It can be seen that the mean value of the gamma dose rate observed in the present study (32 nGy h -1 ) lies within the values reported worldwide. It is comparable with those reported for the cities of Palic and Horgos [13], which are close to Subotica.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 61%

The Natural Radionuclides in Soils of Subotica (Serbia): Distribution and Corresponding Gamma Dose Rates

Janković-Mandić¹,

Dragović²,

Pisanjuk³

et al. 2016

RAD Conference Proceedings

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Abstract. The activity concentrations of 40 K, 226 Ra and 232 Th from 50 locations on the territory of Subotica, North Serbia, were determined by gamma ray spectrometry. Based on the activity concentrations of investigated radionuclides, the absorbed gamma dose rate in the air was calculated. The mean values of activity concentrations were found to be 290 Bq/kg for 40 K, 20 Bq/kg for 226 Ra and 18 Bq/kg for 232 Th. The total absorbed gamma dose rate varied between 24 and 46 nGy/h. The mean value of 32 nGy/h was lower than the world average value.

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CONCENTRATIONS OF 226Ra, 232Th, AND 40K IN THE SOILS OF BANGALORE REGION, INDIA

Abstract: Abstract-Several

Cited by 38 publications

References 14 publications

Outdoor²²⁰Rn,²²²Rn and terrestrial gamma radiation levels: investigation study in the thorium rich Fen Complex, Norway

Outdoor²²⁰Rn,²²²Rn and terrestrial gamma radiation levels: investigation study in the thorium rich Fen Complex, Norway

Assessment of radionuclide and metal contamination in a thorium rich area in Norway

The Natural Radionuclides in Soils of Subotica (Serbia): Distribution and Corresponding Gamma Dose Rates

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CONCENTRATIONS OF 226Ra, 232Th, AND 40K IN THE SOILS OF BANGALORE REGION, INDIA

Abstract: Abstract-Several

Cited by 38 publications

References 14 publications

Outdoor220Rn,222Rn and terrestrial gamma radiation levels: investigation study in the thorium rich Fen Complex, Norway

Outdoor220Rn,222Rn and terrestrial gamma radiation levels: investigation study in the thorium rich Fen Complex, Norway

Assessment of radionuclide and metal contamination in a thorium rich area in Norway

The Natural Radionuclides in Soils of Subotica (Serbia): Distribution and Corresponding Gamma Dose Rates

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Outdoor²²⁰Rn,²²²Rn and terrestrial gamma radiation levels: investigation study in the thorium rich Fen Complex, Norway

Outdoor²²⁰Rn,²²²Rn and terrestrial gamma radiation levels: investigation study in the thorium rich Fen Complex, Norway