Concentrations of adenosine and its metabolites in the rat retina/choroid during reperfusion after ischemia

Abstract

These results indicate that adenosine is a major component of the biochemical changes that occur after retinal ischemia. Long-lasting increases in xanthine concentration during reperfusion after ischemia could be a source of oxygen free radicals that may contribute to delayed injury of the retina, attempts to decrease xanthine concentration would ideally be initiated within one hour after the end of ischemia.

Genetic Ablation of Pannexin1 Protects Retinal Neurons from Ischemic Injury

“…RGCs were purified from P7 neonatal mice using the two-step immunopanning technique, as described previously [43], [44] and challenged in vitro with transient 4 hour-long oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD). This model allows for the study of neurons under well controlled conditions that mimic retinal IR injury, including intracellular glucose and ATP depletion, an increase in intercellular Ca 2+ , ER and oxidative stress, followed by cell death by necrosis and apoptosis [45], [46]. In line with our prediction, our data showed significantly higher survival rate in the KO and CKO vs. WT cells (p<0.02, Fig.…”

Novel Cellular Bouton Structure Activated by ATP in the Vascular Wall of Porcine Retinal Arterioles

“…34 -36 Previous clinical and experimental studies have shown that the metabolism of purines is disturbed in diabetic retinopathy and in other retinal diseases. [37][38][39] Thus, adenosine is significantly upregulated in the retina within a few minutes after the onset of retinal ischemia, 40 and evidence suggests that the inhibition of purine receptors may be involved in the formation of diabetic macular edema in streptozotocin diabetic rats. 41 This is substantiated by the finding that hyperglycemia is associated with elevated concentrations of ATP in rat retinal cells, which indicates a higher release of ATP from retinal cells or a downregulation of ATP hydrolysis, which may contribute to the disturbances in blood flow observed in diabetic retinopathy.…”

Purinergic Signaling and Blood Vessels in Health and Disease

“…Eye. The concentration of adenosine in rat retina is elevated after retinal ischemia and during reperfusion (Roth et al, 1997). It was proposed that blockade of A 2A receptors combined with stimulation of A 1 receptors may be potential strategies for the prevention of ischemic damage of the retina (Li et al, 1999).…”