Concentrations of benzene and toluene in the atmosphere of the southwestern area at the Mexico City Metropolitan Zone

Bravo, H.; Sosa, Raquel; Sánchez, Pablo Alejandro; Bueno, E.; González, L.

doi:10.1016/s1352-2310(02)00292-3

Cited by 65 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The major source of benzene is vehicular emissions, whereas toluene is associated with industrial emissions, solvent and fuel storage, and vehicle exhaust (Bravo et al, 2002;Wang et al, 2002;Na et al, 2003). Toluene was the most abundant VOC species observed in industrial areas of the PRD; it is emitted directly from shoemaking, printing, leather manufacturing, furniture making, coating and chemical bonding agent production, and other chemicals plants (He et al, 2002;Chan et al, 2006).…”

Section: Identification Of Voc Sources At Guangzhou and Xinkenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) measurements in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region, China

et al. 2008

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Abstract. We measured levels of ambient volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at seven sites in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region of China during the Air Quality Monitoring Campaign spanning 4 October to 3 November 2004. Two of the sites, Guangzhou (GZ) and Xinken (XK), were intensive sites at which we collected multiple daily canister samples. The observations reported here provide a look at the VOC distribution, speciation, and photochemical implications in the PRD region. Alkanes constituted the largest percentage (>40%) in mixing ratios of the quantified VOCs at six sites; the exception was one major industrial site that was dominated by aromatics (about 52%). Highly elevated VOC levels occurred at GZ during two pollution episodes; however, the chemical composition of VOCs did not exhibit noticeable changes during these episodes. We calculated the OH loss rate to estimate the chemical reactivity of all VOCs. Of the anthropogenic VOCs, alkenes played a predominant role in VOC reactivity at GZ, whereas the contributions of reactive aromatics were more important at XK. Our preliminary analysis of the VOC correlations suggests that the ambient VOCs at GZ came directly from local sources (i.e., automobiles); those at XK were influenced by both local emissions and transportation of air mass from upwind areas.

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Section: Identification Of Voc Sources At Guangzhou and Xinkenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) measurements in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region, China

et al. 2008

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“…Reactions of VOCs with nitrogen oxides (NO x ) in the atmosphere result in formation of photochemical smog, which is known to harm both human health and ecosystems (Finlayson and Pitts, 1993;Lippmann, 1991). Both their toxicity and ozone-forming potential attracted attention on VOCs in the last decade and led to extensive measurements of their levels and assessment of their sources in urban airsheds in -different parts of the world (Srivastava et al, 2005;Yang et al, 2005;Na, Kim, and Moon, 2003;Pankow et al, 2003;Barletta et al, 2002;Bravo et al, 2002;Edwards et al, 2001;Liu et al, 2000). However, there are few measurements of VOCs in different urban and industrial areas in Turkey, including measurements performed at Izmir, (Müezzinoğlu,there are no major industries in the city.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

C5–C12 volatile organic compounds at roadside, residential, and background locations in Ankara, Turkey: Temporal and spatial variations and sources

Kuntasal

Kılavuz

Karman

et al. 2013

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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Concentrations of 91 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) ranging from C5 to C12 were measured at three sites in Ankara, the capital of Turkey, in the summer of 2003 and winter of 2004. Samples were collected at roadside, residential and background stations at consecutive 4-hr intervals over a 24-hr period for six weeks in each season. Air samples were collected onto cartridges packed with Tenax TA and Carbopack B resins and analyzed by thermal desorption, followed by gas chromatography coupled to a mass selective detector (GC/MSD). Time resolved data provided information on ambient levels, temporal and spatial variations and sources of VOCs in Ankara. Toluene is the most abundant compound at all sites with and average concentration of 13.1 ?g m-3. The mean concentrations of benzene are 12.6, 5.2, and 2.4 ?g m-3 during winter at roadside, residential and background stations, respectively. Diurnal variation in the data together with toluene to benzene concentration ratio (T:B) that is close to 2.0 indicated the influence of traffic related emissions at residential and roadside stations during winter season. Higher T:B ratio observed at residential and background stations during summer period and correlation analysis indicated additional VOC sources. Temporal variations and low m,p-xylene to ethylbenzene ratio (mpX:E) indicated that transported air mass is the major VOC source influencing VOC concentrations measured at the background station.Implications: VOC measurement at three sites in Ankara, the capital of Turkey showed that VOC concentrations measured at the roadside station are reasonably higher than concentrations measured at residential and background sites. Diurnal variations of VOC concentrations revealed that traffic emissions at roadside and residential locations are a significant VOC source in Ankara. On the other hand, VOC levels measured at the background site are transported from more polluted parts of Ankara.

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“…Presidente Vargas, Em geral, as razões entre benzeno e tolueno são empregadas por diversos autores para evidenciar a origem destes compostos na atmosfera. [24][25][26][27] A presença do benzeno é atribuída às emissões veiculares, enquanto a presença de tolueno é atribuída, além das emissões veiculares, aos processos evaporativos. Valores da razão tolueno/benzeno acima de 4 indicam fontes predominantes de emissões evaporativas de solventes e similares.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Impacto ambiental de kartódromos situados na cidade do Rio de Janeiro: monitoramento de BTEX no ar e do nível de ruído

Laurentino¹,

Marques²,

Corrêa³

2012

Quím. Nova

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. Presidente Dutra, km 298, 27537-000 Resende -RJ, BrasilRecebido em 16/2/12; aceito em 7/5/12; publicado na web em 24/8/12ASSESSMENT OF AIR POLLUTION OF KARTING CIRCUITS. In this work, noise and aromatic hydrocarbons levels of indoor and outdoor karting circuits located in Rio de Janeiro were assessed. The sampling was perfomed using active charcoal cartridges, followed by solvent desorption and analysis by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry detection. This study demonstrated that the karting circuits, venues for entertainment, were a major source of air pollution with the detection of considerable amounts of these compounds (2.0 to 19.7 µg m -3 of benzene; 4.1 to 41.1 µg m -3 of toluene; 2.8 to 36.2 µg m -3 of ethylbenzene; 0.7 to 36.2 µg m -3 of xylenes) and high noise levels.Keywords: BTEX; noise; atmosphere. INTRODUÇÃOA poluição atmosférica é um assunto que vem causando bastante desconforto e preocupação, não só para as autoridades de todos os países, mas também para a população em geral. Muitos problemas de saúde vêm aparecendo ou são intensificados com o aumento da poluição do ar, desde os mais simples, como asmas, bronquites e alergias, até os mais complexos e perigosos, como doenças cardiovasculares e câncer de pulmão. Dentre os inúmeros poluentes encontrados no ambiente, os compostos orgânicos voláteis (COV) são uma classe de contaminantes com características bastante diferenciadas do restante dos poluentes atmosféricos. Esses compostos são introduzidos na atmosfera através da queima de combustíveis fósseis, emissões biogênicas, tanto nos continentes como nos oceanos, queima de biomassa e processos geoquímicos, dentre outros. Os hidrocarbonetos monoaromáticos (benzeno, tolueno, etilbenzeno e xilenos, conhecidos pela sigla BTEX) constituem uma preocupação particular, quando comparados aos restantes dos COV por causa de sua elevada toxicidade. Os BTEX são encontrados no meio ambiente através das emissões evaporativas, pelo uso disseminado de solventes, pela oxidação incompleta dos combustíveis fósseis, por vazamentos e volatilização dos combustíveis em postos de abastecimento.2 Estes poluentes estão presentes em quantidades preocupantes no ar atmosférico de avenidas com grande fluxo de veículos, escritórios fechados e, principalmente, naqueles onde o fumo é permitido, dentre outros. para petroquímicas e outras situações. Para os derivados substituídos do benzeno, como o tolueno e os xilenos, os valores atualmente em vigor na legislação brasileira são de 290 mg m -3 para tolueno, 340 mg m -3 para xilenos e para etilbenzeno. A permissão da emissão de benzeno em locais que empreguem combustíveis derivados de petróleo é muito preocupante, uma vez que este poluente pode ser encontrado em altas concentrações. 8Dentro deste contexto, os locais para a prática de esporte automotivo, denominados kartódromos, merecem destaque, uma vez que são destinados ao entretenimento de crianças e adultos. No Brasil, existem dois tipos de kartódromos dependendo de sua localização: aqueles situados em galpões fechados e o...

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Concentrations of benzene and toluene in the atmosphere of the southwestern area at the Mexico City Metropolitan Zone

Cited by 65 publications

References 4 publications

Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) measurements in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region, China

Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) measurements in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region, China

C5–C12 volatile organic compounds at roadside, residential, and background locations in Ankara, Turkey: Temporal and spatial variations and sources

Impacto ambiental de kartódromos situados na cidade do Rio de Janeiro: monitoramento de BTEX no ar e do nível de ruído

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