Concentrations of Blood Serum and Urinal Ellagitannin Metabolites Depend Largely on the Post-Intake Time and Duration of Strawberry Phenolics Ingestion in Rats

Abstract

mal experiments have partly revealed those processes. It has been shown that part of plant ET may undergo hydrolysis to EA already in the stomach [Milala et al., 2017], while other researchers claimed ET to remain stable under conditions of that gastrointestinal segment [Sandhu et al., 2018]. There is no doubt that the large intestinal microbiota population with its huge enzymatic power acts as a paramount agent facilitating the hydrolysis of ET [Cerdá et al., 2005a,b; Ito et al., 2008; Sandhu et al., 2018]. Several researchers have reported that ET are not absorbed and prior to absorption must be metabolised by intestinal microbiota fi rst into EA and then into other molecules such as urolithins and nasutin [Milala et al., 2017; Saha et al., 2016]. Urolithins contain a 6H-dibenzo[b,d]pyran-6-one nucleus with different phenolic hydroxyl groups. There are several types of urolithins, namely urolithins D, C, A, B with a decreasing number of the phenolic hydroxyl groups, respectively [Toney et al., 2019]. Following intestinal absorption and hepatic biotransformation, the main metabolites circulating in blood stream are urolithin A glucuronide and urolithin A aglycone [Kawabata et al., 2019]. The production of urolithins is a common result of consuming ET with

Effects of Feeding Dried Fruit Pomaces as Additional Fibre-Phenolic Compound on Meat Quality, Blood Chemistry and Redox Status of Broilers

“…In fact, A pomace was richer in procyanidins, B pomace in procyanidins and anthocyanins, whereas in S pomace, procyanidins and ellagitannins were the dominant fractions. This is in accordance with previous works investigating the phenolic compounds content in fruit pomaces [24,25].…”

“…All the aforementioned changes in serum and tissues antioxidant activity should be attributed, at least partially, to phenolic metabolites that are able to infiltrate hydrophobic areas (such as the lipid bilayers of cells) and hydrophilic areas (e.g., blood serum) [24,25]. As the hydrophobic properties vary among the different phenolic compounds [36], differences in the relative abundance of each polyphenol might be the reason for variations in the antioxidant effects of A, B and S diets.…”

Urolithins: a Comprehensive Update on their Metabolism, Bioactivity, and Associated Gut Microbiota

“…The effect of other experimental factors: post‐intake time, duration of the administration, diet type (standard and high‐fat), and ET dosage (without, low, and high ET intake) in the ETs metabolism was evaluated in the blood serum and urine of rats consuming strawberry phenolics. [ 13 , 14 ] The highest concentrations were obtained after 2–4 days of the administration, 12 h after the last administration, with a standard diet and the high ET dose.…”

Protective Effects of a Strawberry Ellagitannin-Rich Extract against Pro-Oxidative and Pro-Inflammatory Dysfunctions Induced by a High-Fat Diet in a Rat Model

“…Our own reports and those of other authors have shown that the main ET metabolites in rats are urolithin A, nasutin A, and their glucuronide conjugates, which may be found in the intestinal digesta, internal tissues, and body fluids [ 28 , 32 , 38 , 39 ]. The present study showed the highest urinal and serum ET metabolite levels in rats fed diets with the higher extract dosage.…”