Concentrations of chlorinated hydrocarbons and trace elements in marine mammal tissues archived in the U.S. national biomonitoring specimen bank

Becker, Paul R.; Mackey, Elizabeth A.; Demiralp, R.; Schantz, Michele M.; Koster, Barbara J.; Wise, Stephen A.

doi:10.1016/s0045-6535(97)00069-6

Cited by 51 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…CHB concentrations in white whales from Svalbard are 2-3 times higher than in white whales from WestGreenland, Jones Sound and the South Beaufort Sea (Canadian Arctic) and Alaskan stocks (Fig. 3) (Muir et al, 1990;Muir, 1994Muir, , 1996Stern et al, 1994;Becker et al, 1995Becker et al, , 1997de March et al, 1998;Krahn et al, 1999), which suggests that there are either local sources for CHBs in Svalbard or that specific air or ocean currents carry more CHBs to the Svalbard Archipelago compared to areas further to the west at similar latitudes. The Northeast Atlantic, which includes Svalbard, might receive CHBs via aerial transport from the American continent as well as from the European continent (de Boer and Wester, 1993;Oehme et al, 1996).…”

Section: Spatial Trends Of Chb Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…of three CHB congeners and Total CHBs in blubber of male white whales, male ringed seals, male harbour seals, male harp seals, minke whale and male polar bears from the Svalbard and Barents Sea area Wolkers et al, 1998) is calculated using a multiplication factor based on the total surface area from all toxaphenes relative to CHB-26 and -50. lipid basis, while CHB levels from other areas presented in Fig. 3 were expressed on a wet weight basis (74-95% lipids; Muir et al, 1990Muir et al, , 1999Muir, 1994Muir, , 1996Stern et al, 1994;Becker et al, 1995Becker et al, , 1997de March et al, 1998;Krahn et al, 1999). Thus, the Svalbard results might be slightly upwardly biased on this basis.…”

Section: Spatial Trends Of Chb Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Data are compiled from: (1) Svalbard: current study, (2) W. Greenland: Stern et al (1994), (3) Jones Sound: Muir et al (1990), (4) Cumberland Sound, (5) S.E. Baffin Island and (6) S. Hudson Bay: Muir et al (1999), (7) S. Beaufort Sea: Muir (1994Muir ( , 1996de March et al (1998), (8) E. Beaufort Sea: Muir et al (1990), (9) E. Chukchi Sea, (10) E. Bering Sea and (11) Cook Inlet: Becker et al (1995Becker et al ( , 1997; Krahn et al (1999). 19-20 CHB congeners. Although CHB-26 and -50, reported in this study, are normally among the most abundant CHB congeners found in marine mammal samples (Stern et al, 1992;Muir et al, 1999;Vetter and Oehme, 2000), the small number of congeners reported in this study undoubtedly biases the Svalbard results downwards to some extent.…”

Section: Spatial Trends Of Chb Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Canadian and Alaskan white whale stocks the levels of CHBs were equal to or somewhat higher (up to 1.5 fold) than the PCB concentrations (Muir et al, 1990;Becker et al, 1995Becker et al, , 1997Krahn et al, 1999). In Greenlandic white whale stocks, the levels of CHBs are lower than both PCBs and DDTs (Stern et al, 1994).…”

Section: Spatial Trends Of Chb Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Levels of toxaphene congeners in white whales (Delphinapterus leucas) from Svalbard, Norway

Andersen

Føreid

Skaare

et al. 2006

Science of The Total Environment

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This study reports concentrations of three pesticide toxaphene congeners (CHBs; from the blubber of ten adult, male white whales (Delphinapterus leucas) from Svalbard, Norway. The CHB congeners that occurred at the highest levels in the blubber of the white whales were, as expected, CHB-26 (4636 F 1992 (SD) ng/g l.w.) and CHB-50 (6579 F 2214 ng/g l.w.); CHB-62 (232 F 231 ng/g l.w.) was also present, but at much lower concentrations. The mean level of the sum of the three CHBs (ACHBs = 11,447 F 4208 ng/g l.w.) in this study is more than twice the mean concentrations of the well-known organochlorine (OC) pollutants ADDTs (sum of ppV-DDT, ppV-DDE, ppV-DDD) and APCBs (sum of 27 PCB congeners) previously reported from the same individual white whales. The concentrations of CHBs in white whales from Svalbard are at the high end of the range for concentrations of these compounds compared to other Arctic white whale populations. Additionally, the contribution of CHBs to the overall OC burden is larger in white whales from Svalbard compared with their counterparts from other areas in the Arctic. Male white whales from Svalbard have several orders of magnitude higher concentrations of ACHBs compared to seals and polar bears (Ursus maritimus) from the same area. The high levels of CHBs in these whales, and their dominance in the OC pattern, suggests that white whales in Svalbard are exposed to high levels of this group of contaminants. Further studies are needed to investigate possible effects of CHBs and other OC contaminants on the white whale population in Svalbard. D 2005 Published by Elsevier B.V.

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Section: Spatial Trends Of Chb Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Spatial Trends Of Chb Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Spatial Trends Of Chb Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Spatial Trends Of Chb Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Levels of toxaphene congeners in white whales (Delphinapterus leucas) from Svalbard, Norway

Andersen

Føreid

Skaare

et al. 2006

Science of The Total Environment

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“…Studieś of other white whale populations in the Canadian Arctic, Alaska and West-Greenland have revealed that body burdens of OCs in these areas are much lower than those reported from the St Ž Lawrence Estuary Muir et al, 1990;Stern et al, . 1994;Becker et al, 1997;Krahn et al, 1999 . However, there is some indication of a general west᎐east increase in the body burden of OCs in Arctic top predators within the North Atlantic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concentrations and patterns of organochlorine contaminants in white whales (Delphinapterus leucas) from Svalbard, Norway

Andersen

Kovacs

Lydersen

et al. 2001

Science of The Total Environment

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Ž. Blubber was collected from live-captured, adult male white whales Delphinapterus leucas from Svalbard, Norway, Ž . and analysed for levels and patterns of organochlorine OC contaminants. The OC compounds analysed were HCB, Ž . Ž dieldrin, ⌺HCH ␣-HCH, ␤-HCH and ␥-HCH , ⌺Chl heptachlor epoxide, oxychlordane, cis-chlordane, trans-non-. Ž . Ž . achlor, and cis-nonachlor , ⌺DDT ppЈ-DDT, ppЈ-DDE and ppЈ-DDD and ⌺PCB 27 PCB congeners . The major Ž . Ž . OC compounds detected in the blubber were ⌺PCB 5103 " 1874 ngrg l.w. and ⌺DDT 5108 " 1089 ngrg l.w. , Ž . which made up 70% of the ⌺OC. These compounds were followed in prevalence by ⌺Chl 2872 " 1177 ngrg l.w. , which contributed 20% of the ⌺OC burden. ⌺HCH, HCB and dieldrin were present, but at low concentrations. This OC pattern is typical of top predators in Arctic marine food chains. OC levels in white whales from Svalbard are lower than white whales from the St Lawrence River in Canada and are generally similar to values reported previously for other Arctic white whale stocks. Some geographic patterns in relative prevalence of various OC compounds appear to be quite consistent among various marine mammal species in the Arctic. PCB and DDT concentrations in Svalbard's white whales are below the levels that are thought to have negative effects on reproduction or the immune system. ᮊ

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Determination of arsenic compounds in marine mammals with high-performance liquid chromatography and an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer as element-specific detector

Goessler

Rudorfer

Mackey

et al. 1998

Appl. Organometal. Chem.

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Total arsenic concentrations and the concentrations of individual arsenic compounds were determined in liver samples of pinnipeds [nine ringed seals (Phoca hispida), one bearded seal (Erginathus barbatus)] and cetaceans [two pilot whales (Globicephalus melas), one beluga whale (Deliphinapterus leucus)]. Total arsenic concentrations ranged from 0.167 to 2.40 mg As kg−1 wet mass. The arsenic compounds extracted from the liver samples with a methanol/water mixture (9:1, v/v) were identified and quantified by anion‐ and cation‐exchange chromatography. An ICP–MS equipped with a hydraulic high‐pressure nebulizer served as the arsenic‐specific detector. Arsenobetaine (0.052–1.67 mg As kg−1 wet mass) was the predominant arsenic compound in all the liver samples. Arsenocholine was present in all livers (0.005–0.044 mg As kg−1 wet mass). The tetramethylarsonium cation was detected in all pinnipeds (<0.009 to 0.043 mg As kg−1) but not in any of the cetaceans. The concentration of dimethylarsinic acid ranged from < 0.001 to 0.109 mg As kg−1 wet mass. Most of the concentrations for methylarsonic acid (<0.001 to 0.025 mg As kg−1 wet mass) were below the detection limit. Arsenous acid and arsenic acid concentrations were below the detection limit of the method (0.001 mg As kg−1). An unknown arsenic compound was present in all liver samples at concentrations from 0.002–0.027 mg As kg−1. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Concentrations of chlorinated hydrocarbons and trace elements in marine mammal tissues archived in the U.S. national biomonitoring specimen bank

Cited by 51 publications

References 28 publications

Levels of toxaphene congeners in white whales (Delphinapterus leucas) from Svalbard, Norway

Levels of toxaphene congeners in white whales (Delphinapterus leucas) from Svalbard, Norway

Concentrations and patterns of organochlorine contaminants in white whales (Delphinapterus leucas) from Svalbard, Norway

Determination of arsenic compounds in marine mammals with high-performance liquid chromatography and an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer as element-specific detector

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