Concentrations of coprostanol that correspond to existing bacterial indicator guideline limits

Leeming, Rhys; Nichols, Peter D.

doi:10.1016/s0043-1354(96)00212-6

Cited by 82 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…These studies concluded that a coprostanol concentration of 400 ng/liter was equivalent to the secondary contact limit (1,000 CFU/100 ml) of fecal coliforms (24). As shown in Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Positive correlations between fecal indicator bacteria and coprostanol concentrations have been reported for several temperate and cold climate regions (8,11,14,24,27). Previously, we conducted an intensive survey in the Mekong Delta and in western Malaysia and demonstrated a strong correlation between fecal indicator bacteria and coprostanol concentrations in tropical regions for the first time (20).…”

mentioning

confidence: 70%

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Effect of Environmental Factors on the Relationship between Concentrations of Coprostanol and Fecal Indicator Bacteria in Tropical (Mekong Delta) and Temperate (Tokyo) Freshwaters

Isobe

Tarao

Chiếm

et al. 2004

Appl Environ Microbiol

126

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A reliable assessment of microbial indicators of fecal pollution (total coliform, Escherichia coli, and fecal streptococcus) is critical in tropical environments. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between concentrations of indicator bacteria and a chemical indicator, coprostanol (5␤-cholestan-3␤-ol), in tropical and temperate regions. Water samples were collected from the Mekong Delta, Vietnam, during wet and dry seasons, and from Tokyo, Japan, during summer, the aftermath of a typhoon, and winter. During the wet season in the Mekong Delta, higher bacterial densities were observed in rivers, probably due to the higher bacterial inputs from soil particles with runoff. In Tokyo, higher bacterial densities were usually observed during summer, followed by those in the typhoon aftermath and winter. A strong logarithmic correlation between the concentrations of E. coli and coprostanol was demonstrated in all surveys. Distinctive seasonal fluctuations were observed, as concentrations of coprostanol corresponding to 1,000 CFU of E. coli/100 ml were at their lowest during the wet season in the Mekong Delta and the typhoon aftermath in Tokyo (30 ng/liter), followed by the dry season in the Mekong Delta and the summer in Tokyo (100 ng/liter), and they were much higher during the winter in Tokyo (400 ng/liter). These results suggested that E. coli is a specific indicator of fecal contamination in both tropical and temperate regions but that the densities are affected by elevated water temperature and input from runoff of soil particles. The concurrent determination of E. coli and coprostanol concentrations could provide a possible approach to assessing the reliability of fecal pollution monitoring data.

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“…These studies concluded that a coprostanol concentration of 400 ng/liter was equivalent to the secondary contact limit (1,000 CFU/100 ml) of fecal coliforms (24). As shown in Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

mentioning

confidence: 70%

Effect of Environmental Factors on the Relationship between Concentrations of Coprostanol and Fecal Indicator Bacteria in Tropical (Mekong Delta) and Temperate (Tokyo) Freshwaters

Isobe

Tarao

Chiếm

et al. 2004

Appl Environ Microbiol

126

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“…Caffeine concentrations in Sarasota Bay, FL, were linearly correlated with fecal coliform concentrations (R 2 ϭ 0.72 [P Ͻ 0.001] to R 2 ϭ 0.74 [P Ͻ 0.005]) (34). Furthermore, coprostanol, a major sterol in human feces, has been linearly correlated with E. coli concentrations in tropical environments (18) and with indicator bacteria in temperate and cold climates (25).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Covariation of FIB with other waste constituents, such as metals (47), caffeine (34), and coprostanol (18,25), has frequently been used to infer a common source of these contaminants and indicators. Copper, lead, nickel, and zinc were positively correlated with E. coli (R 2 ϭ 0.34 to 0.54) and Enterococcus concentrations (R 2 ϭ 0.41 to 0.68) in urban runoff in Ballona Creek, CA (47).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation of Quantitative PCR for a Poultry-Specific Brevibacterium Marker Gene with Bacterial and Chemical Indicators of Water Pollution in a Watershed Impacted by Land Application of Poultry Litter

Weidhaas¹,

Macbeth²,

Olsen³

et al. 2011

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The impact of fecal contamination from human and agricultural animal waste on water quality is a major public health concern. Identification of the dominant source(s) of fecal pollution in a watershed is necessary for assessing the safety of recreational water and protecting water resources. A field study was conducted using quantitative PCR (qPCR) for the 16S rRNA gene of Brevibacterium sp. LA35 to track feces-contaminated poultry litter in environmental samples. Based on sensitivity and specificity characteristics of the qPCR method, the Bayesian conditional probability that detection of the LA35 marker gene in a water sample represented a true-positive result was 93%. The marker's covariance with fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) and metals associated with poultry litter was also assessed in litter, runoff, surface water, and groundwater samples. LA35 was detected in water and soil samples collected throughout the watershed, and its concentration covaried with concentrations of Escherichia coli, enterococci, As, Cu, P, and Zn. Significantly greater concentrations of FIB, As, Cu, P, and Zn were observed in edge-of-field runoff samples in which LA35 was detected, compared to samples in which it was not detected. Furthermore, As, Cu, P, and Zn concentrations covaried in environmental samples in which LA35 was detected and typically did not in samples in which the marker gene was not detected. The covariance of the poultry-specific LA35 marker gene with these known contaminants from poultry feces provides further evidence that it is a useful tool for assessing the impact of poultry-derived fecal pollution in environmental waters.

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“…6) [36,42,43]. Coprostanol, in particular, has been proposed as an alternative to Escherichia coli as a measure of faecal pollution [43] and calculating the ratios of certain faecal sterols has been shown to provide a better attribution of contamination sources (Fig.…”

Section: Biological Marker Compounds and The Re-use Of Dairy Factory mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dairy Factory Wastewaters, Their Use on Land and Possible Environmental Impacts - A Mini Review

Watkins¹,

Nash²

2010

TOASJ

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Dairy factory wastewaters are increasingly being considered a valuable resource. However, these waters may also contain contaminants, natural or artificial, that may adversely affect the land to which they are applied. This review investigates dairy wastewaters, factors affecting their composition, some probable effects on land and compounds that may be used to trace the migration of pollutants.Dairy factory wastewaters differ depending on the types of products made by the factory and the treatment afforded wastewaters. In addition to milk and milk by-products, dairy factory wastewaters contain cleaning chemicals that contribute to the salt load, and synthetic compounds.From the limited studies where the effects on dairy processing wastewaters on land have been measured, the consensus of the literature results acknowledges the utility to agriculture can be highly variable and depends on the land to which it was applied and wastewater characteristics including concentrations of phosphorus, nitrogen, carbon and sodium. Excessive applications of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus have resulted in runoff to nearby watercourses.Even fewer studies have investigated the use of organic marker compounds in the dairy industry. Lipids, terpenes and sterols found in the plants consumed by livestock would be useful for identifying pollutants from the dairy industry. However, a library of biological marker compounds and their likely sources is needed before such a technology could be applied more widely.

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Concentrations of coprostanol that correspond to existing bacterial indicator guideline limits

Cited by 82 publications

References 13 publications

Effect of Environmental Factors on the Relationship between Concentrations of Coprostanol and Fecal Indicator Bacteria in Tropical (Mekong Delta) and Temperate (Tokyo) Freshwaters

Effect of Environmental Factors on the Relationship between Concentrations of Coprostanol and Fecal Indicator Bacteria in Tropical (Mekong Delta) and Temperate (Tokyo) Freshwaters

Correlation of Quantitative PCR for a Poultry-Specific Brevibacterium Marker Gene with Bacterial and Chemical Indicators of Water Pollution in a Watershed Impacted by Land Application of Poultry Litter

Dairy Factory Wastewaters, Their Use on Land and Possible Environmental Impacts - A Mini Review

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