Concentrations of hormones, pharmaceuticals and other micropollutants in groundwater affected by septic systems in New England and New York

Phillips, Patrick J.; Schubert, Christopher E.; Argue, Denise M.; Fisher, Irene J.; Furlong, Edward T.; Foreman, William T.; Gray, James L.; Chalmers, Ann T.

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.12.067

Cited by 113 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Em relação à cafeína, as concentrações no presente estudo (Tabela 3) estão abaixo daquelas encontradas na literatura para outros rios na cidade de Curitiba: Atuba A cafeína tem sido utilizada como indicador de contaminação por esgotos (FROEHNER et al, 2011;PUERA-RI et al, 2012;EDWARDS et al, 2015;EKKLESIA et al, 2015;KUZMANOVIC et al, 2015;PHILLIPS et al, 2015;SENTA et al, 2015;THOMAIDI et al, 2015), podendo, dessa forma, ser empregada por órgãos ambientais e companhias de saneamento como um parâmetro para verificação de ineficiência do sistema de esgotamento sanitário ou ocorrência de lançamentos clandestinos. Froehner et al (2011) encontraram uma relação positiva entre os parâmetros físico-químicos (nitrato e DBO), microbiológicos (coliformes termotolerantes) e a concentração de cafeína.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

“…Quando presente na água de rios, a cafeína costuma estar associada a outras substâncias que também possuem atividades citotóxicas e genotóxicas, como, por exemplo, anti-inflamatórios e bisfenol A (FROEHNER et al, 2011;PUERARI et al, 2012;EDWARDS et al, 2015;EKKLESIA et al, 2015;KUZMA-NOVIC et al, 2015;PHILLIPS et al, 2015;SENTA et al, 2015;THOMAIDI et al, 2015).…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

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2017

Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Ambient. (Online)

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R e v i s t a B r a s i l e i r a d e C i ê n c i a s A m b i e n t a i sEditor Geral Maurício Dziedzic Editores InternacionaisGünter Gunkel -Alemanha Jose Alfaro Joins -Estados Unidos Manuela Morais -Portugal Oscar Parra -Chile Editores NacionaisAdriana Marques Rossetto Liliana Pena Naval Marco Aurélio da Silva Carvalho Filho Mário Augusto Gonçalves Jardim Tadeu Fabrício Malheiros Conselho Editorial EditorialPrezados leitores, É com satisfação que me dirijo ao público da Revista Brasileira de Ciências Ambientais (RBCIAMB) para comemorar a conclusão de mais um ano de publicação. Ao longo de 2017, a equipe editorial alcançou sucesso na agilização do processo de avaliação dos artigos submetidos, cumpriu os prazos de publicação de todas as edições e fomentou a publicação de artigos de impacto científico significativo.Os critérios de pré-seleção dos artigos definidos em 2016 tornaram possível identificar logo após a submissão aqueles artigos com potencial para aprovação por revisores, diminuindo assim a demanda de trabalho destes e, consequentemente, os prazos de revisão.Em 2017 foram submetidos 90 artigos à revista, 45 dos quais não atenderam a pelo menos um dos critérios de pré-seleção, que são:• Pertinência: o tema central do artigo é ambiental;• Relevância: o artigo apresenta contribuição científica significativa para a área e demonstra isso;• Ineditismo: não há plágio. Se o artigo já tiver sido apresentado em congresso, a versão para a revista deve ter pelo menos 50% de diferença em relação ao artigo de congresso;• Ética: o trabalho não faz promoção de indivíduos, organizações e/ou produtos, nem críticas indevidas a eles;• Redação: o trabalho está escrito em bom português, com estrutura lógica e de forma clara e concisa.Entre os 45 artigos restantes, sete foram rejeitados após avaliação por pares, 13 foram aceitos e 25 encontram-se em fase de avaliação, que inclui aqueles de posse de revisores (14), editores (8) e autores (3). Todos os artigos recebidos em 2017 já passaram pelo processo de pré-seleção e/ou foram rejeitados, ou encaminhados para revisão por pares.É importante lembrar, mais uma vez, que a função da revista é a divulgação científica. Para tanto, faz-se fundamental que os trabalhos submetidos tragam contribuição científica para a área. Trabalhos de aplicação de princípios conhecidos não representam contribuição científica e não são aceitos para publicação. Exemplo comum desse tipo de trabalho são os diagnósticos, recebidos em grande número pela revista, mas que não promovem o avanço do conhecimento científico.A tabela com os critérios de avaliação de artigos, disponível no regulamento da revista (http://abes-dn.org.br/publicacoes/rbciamb/Regulamento%20RBCiamb.pdf), apresenta uma lista detalhada dos itens que são verificados. É recomendável que os autores utilizem esses critérios para efetuar a autoavaliação de seus trabalhos antes da submissão, pois a observância desses critérios pode acelerar substancialmente o processo de revisão.Ciente da importância da RBCIAMB para os programas de pós-graduaçã...

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Section: Resultsunclassified

Untitled

2017

Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Ambient. (Online)

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“…Excluding disposal in a sharps container [110], these procedures increase the likelihood that drugs will be released into the environment, as WWTP do not fully remove them [61,62]. Recently, Phillips et al [111] found septic systems in New York and New England contribute a wide variety of micropollutants, including pharmaceuticals, to shoreline wells. In the present study, drugs were discarded into pharmaceutical waste containers which were then sorted and shipped via commercial waste transporter to a secure incineration facility.…”

Section: Disposal and Destructionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmaceutical Dispensing and Wasting In Health Care Facilities, Amounts, Costs and Evaluation of Potential Ecologic Effects

Mankes¹,

Silver²

2017

SOJPPS

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Drug waste from hospitals contributes to environmental contamination. Patient excreta, bathing or discarding of excess drugs are some sources of drug waste. We report on the wasting of 84 drugs of 14 therapeutic classes in two hospitals in Albany, NY. We consider drug metabolism, excretion, disposal and ecotoxicity in strategies for reducing drug waste, costs and potential environmental damage.Medication (12,345) and waste collection (199) records for: drugs dispensed, returned and wasted were examined. Of 2,700 drugs available, 84 drugs from 14 classes, weighing 56 kg were dispensed to patients, and 2.3 kg were wasted. Twelve drugs accounted for 80 percent of the drug waste and cost $111,000. Of the top wasted and dispensed drugs, all but ibuprofen are persistant and none were bioaccumulative. Ibuprofen, ipratropium ondansetron and oxymetazoline are "very highly toxic" or "highly toxic". Environmental Risk Ratio (PEC/PNEC) for the 20 top drugs were"Insignificant" or "Cannot Be Excluded".Acetazolamide is the most toxic to fish. Dexamethasone has the greatest chronic toxicity to Ceriodaphnia. Ibuprofen is predicted to be very highly toxic (acute and chronic) to zebra mussel, crab and fish. Neostigmine is the most acutely toxic (LC50<1 mg/L) to Daphnia. Ondansetron is the most acutely toxic to green algae. All but 2 of the drugs were 5 to 100% excreted. Fourteen were metabolised. Active metabolites were formed from 2 drugs. Nicardipine, ondansetron and prednisone formed drug conjugates which were excreted. Incineration was the manufacturer's recommended disposal method.We recommend excess drugs be returned to the hospital pharmacy for disposal by incineration. Drug use and disposal should be monitored by an expert committee according to recognized guidelines of pharmaceutical management. Knowledge of the adverse impacts from the release of highly toxic drugs into the environment must influence drug selection and disposal.Key words: Waste; Ecotoxicity; Wastewater; Abbreviations AMCH = Academic Medical Center Hospital; ASTER = Assessment Tools for the Evaluation of Risk. United States Environmental Protection Agency https://archive.epa.gov/med/med_archive_03/web/html/ aster.html Last accessed 6/4/17; B = Bioaccumulation is the general term describing a process by which chemicals are taken up by an organism either directly from exposure to a contaminated medium or by consumption of food containing the chemical; EC50 = Effective Concentration producing an adverse effect in 50% of a test species; EbC50 or ErC50 = EC50 in terms of reduction of growth rate; EyC50 = EC50 in terms of change in biomass yield; Ecosar = Ecologic Structure Activity Relationships is a computerized predictive system that estimates aquatic toxicity. The program estimates a chemical's acute (short-term) toxicity and chronic (long-term or delayed) toxicity to aquatic organisms such as fish, invertebrates, and plants by using computerized Structure Activity Relationships (SARs). https://www.epa.gov/tsca-screening-tools/ ecological-structure-...

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“…Pharmaceutical compounds belong to this group of contaminants because they reach the aquatic environment through discharge of wastewater-treatment plants, onsite wastewater disposal systems or septic system discharges, and agricultural runoff or leaching [1][2][3][4][5]. The development of analytical methods that allow the identification and quantification of increasingly lower concentrations of chemical compounds together with data regarding their biological effects has raised our awareness of emerging contaminants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The development of analytical methods that allow the identification and quantification of increasingly lower concentrations of chemical compounds together with data regarding their biological effects has raised our awareness of emerging contaminants. Pharmaceutical compounds belong to this group of contaminants because they reach the aquatic environment through discharge of wastewater-treatment plants, onsite wastewater disposal systems or septic system discharges, and agricultural runoff or leaching [1][2][3][4][5]. Because they have been designed to be biologically active often in nanomolar concentrations, their presence-even in these very small amounts-raises the possibility of potentially significant adverse effects after chronic exposure of both ecosystems and humans [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical and biochemical characterization and in vivo safety evaluation of pharmaceuticals in drinking water

Gaffney¹,

Mota-Filipe

Pinto

et al. 2016

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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The water constituents that are currently subject to legal control are only a small fraction of the vast number of chemical substances and microorganisms that may occur in both the environment and water resources. The main objective of the present study was to study the health impact resulting from exposure to a mixture of pharmaceuticals that have been detected in tap water at low doses. Analyses of atenolol, caffeine, erythromycin, carbamazepine, and their metabolites in blood, urine, feces, fat tissue, liver, and kidney after exposure to a mixture of these pharmaceuticals in treated drinking water were performed. The effects of this exposure were assessed in rats by measuring biochemical markers of organ injury or dysfunction. Simultaneously, the selected pharmaceuticals were also quantified in both physiological fluids and organ homogenates by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (performed in multiple reaction monitoring mode and full scan mode). Following exposure of rats to a concentration of a pharmaceutical which was 10 times higher than the concentration known to be present in tap water, trace levels of some pharmaceuticals and their metabolites were detected in biological samples. This exposure did, however, not lead to significant organ injury or dysfunction. Thus, the authors report an experimental model that can be used to characterize the safety profile of pharmaceuticals in treated drinking water using a multiorgan toxicity approach. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:2674-2682. © 2016 SETAC.

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Concentrations of hormones, pharmaceuticals and other micropollutants in groundwater affected by septic systems in New England and New York

Cited by 113 publications

References 34 publications

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Pharmaceutical Dispensing and Wasting In Health Care Facilities, Amounts, Costs and Evaluation of Potential Ecologic Effects

Chemical and biochemical characterization and in vivo safety evaluation of pharmaceuticals in drinking water

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