Concentrations of Isoflavones and Their Metabolites in the Blood of Pregnant and Non-pregnant Heifers Fed Soy Bean

Wocławek-Potocka, Izabela; Piskuła, Mariusz K.; Bah, Mamadou M.; Siemieniuch, Marta; Korzekwa, Anna; Brzezicka, Edyta; Skarzynski, Dariusz J.

doi:10.1262/jrd.20013

Cited by 23 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…This discrepancy can be caused by differences in dynamics of isoflavones and their metabolites in the plasma after administration of soybeans. As described in the study of Woclawek-Potocka et al (2008), daidzein concentration in plasma of cycling heifers increased after single dose of soybeans during 0.5 h (P < 0.05) and then remained constant until 2 h post feeding. Three hours after soybean feeding the daidzein concentration started to decrease to same levels as at the beginning of the experiment.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

The Effect of Soybean-Derived Phytoestrogens on Concentrations of Plasma Isoflavones, 15-keto-13,14-dihydroprostaglandin F2α and Progesterone in Dairy Cows

Watzková¹,

Křížová²,

Pavlík

et al. 2010

Acta Vet. Brno

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The objective of the study was to determine the effect of soybean-derived phytoestrogens and their metabolites on the activity of sex hormones during the oestrous cycle in multiparous lactating dairy cows. The experiment was carried out on 4 multiparous lactating Holstein cows in the form of replicated Latin square in double reversal design. The experiment in the total length of 168 days was divided into 4 periods of 42 days, each consisting of a 21-day preliminary period and a 21-day collecting period. Cows were divided into 2 groups of 2 cows. The control group (C) was fed a diet based on extruded rapeseed cake while the experimental group (S) was fed a diet containing extruded full-fat soya. The intake of total isoflavones was 3297 mg/d in S and 58.0 mg/d in C (P < 0.001). The concentrations of individual isoflavones, it is daidzein, genistein and equol in plasma were significantly higher in the experimental group S (49.3, 78.7 and 218.8 ng/ml, respectively) than in the control group C (13.5, 42.9 and 18.3 ng/ml, respectively, P < 0.001). Plasma concentration of progesterone throughout the oestrous cycle was not influenced by the diet used (P > 0.05). Plasma concentration of prostaglandine PGFM throughout the oestrous cycle in the experimental group (S) tended to be higher (P = 0.095) than in the control group (C). No differences in the length of the oestrous cycle between the cows fed different diets were observed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

The Effect of Soybean-Derived Phytoestrogens on Concentrations of Plasma Isoflavones, 15-keto-13,14-dihydroprostaglandin F2α and Progesterone in Dairy Cows

Watzková¹,

Křížová²,

Pavlík

et al. 2010

Acta Vet. Brno

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“…This is in general agreement with studies on other endocrine-active chemicals whose in vitro actions require concentrations higher than typically seen in plasma (Whitten and Patisaul, 2001). However, our findings are relevant to wildlife and livestock populations that are exposed to high levels of equol through isoflavone-containing pastures and commercial diets (Lindsay and Kelly, 1970; Lundh, 1995; Woclawek-Potocka et al , 2013; Woclawek-Potocka et al , 2008). Further, although human dietary exposure is close to the lower-range of concentrations used in our study (Setchell et al , 2001; Setchell et al , 2009; Setchell et al , 1997), exposure through equol supplements may be higher.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…The level of human exposure, based on studies measuring plasma and urine equol concentrations, is similar to the lower-range concentrations used in our study (600 nM and 6 μM) (Setchell et al , 2001; Setchell et al , 2009; Setchell et al , 1997; Vedrine et al , 2006). The level of exposure in domestic animals may be greater than that in humans, given the widespread use of soybean as a protein source in animal feeds (Lindsay and Kelly, 1970; Lundh, 1995; Woclawek-Potocka et al , 2013; Woclawek-Potocka et al , 2008). The concentrations of equol tested in our study were also based on those used in previously published in vitro and in vivo studies (Choi, 2009; Ju et al , 2006; Liang et al , 2014; Matulka et al , 2009; Pelissero et al , 1996).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, equol is marketed as a nutraceutical agent, and numerous people consume equol in supplement form for its potential protective effects against aging, skin conditions, hair loss, prostate cancer, obesity, hot flashes, menopause, osteoporosis, heart disease, and neurologic conditions (Setchell et al , 2001; Yee et al , 2008). Substantial exposure to equol can occur in wildlife and domestic animals consuming large quantities of isoflavones while grazing on phytoestrogen-rich pastures, and dietary exposure also occurs due to the common inclusion of soybean as a protein source in animal feed (Lindsay and Kelly, 1970; Lundh, 1995; Setchell et al , 1987; Shutt and Braden, 1968; Whitten and Patisaul, 2001; Woclawek-Potocka et al , 2013; Woclawek-Potocka et al , 2008). Therefore, equol is a relevant estrogenic compound in the diet of both humans and animals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Equol inhibits growth, induces atresia, and inhibits steroidogenesis of mouse antral follicles in vitro

Mahalingam

Gao

Gonnering

et al. 2016

Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology

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Equol is a non-steroidal estrogen metabolite produced by microbial conversion of daidzein, a major soy isoflavone, in the gut of some humans and many animal species. Isoflavones and their metabolites can affect endogenous estradiol production, action, and metabolism, potentially influencing ovarian follicle function. However, no studies have examined the effects of equol on intact ovarian antral follicles, which are responsible for sex steroid synthesis and further development into ovulatory follicles. Thus, the present study tested the hypothesis that equol inhibits antral follicle growth, increases follicle atresia, and inhibits steroidogenesis in the adult mouse ovary. To test this hypothesis, antral follicles isolated from adult CD-1 mice were cultured with vehicle control (dimethyl sulfoxide; DMSO) or equol (600 nM, 6 μM, 36 μM, 100 μM) for 48 and 96 h. Every 24 h, follicle diameters were measured to monitor growth. At 48 and 96 h, the culture medium was subjected to measurement of hormone levels, and the cultured follicles were subjected to gene expression analysis. Additionally, follicles were histologically evaluated for signs of atresia after 96 h of culture. The results indicate that equol (100 μM) inhibited follicle growth, altered the mRNA levels of bcl2-associated X protein and B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2, and induced follicle atresia. Further, equol decreased the levels of estradiol, testosterone, androstenedione, and progesterone, and it decreased mRNA levels of cholesterol side-chain cleavage, steroid 17-α-hydroxalase, and aromatase. Collectively, these data indicate that equol inhibits growth, increases atresia, and inhibits steroidogenesis of cultured mouse antral follicles.

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“…The metabolism of phytoestrogens from synthetically prepared fodder, rich in phytoestrogens was thoroughly investigated by Lundh et al [29, 30]. However, we were the first to study the effects of feeding cattle with fodder rich in phytoestrogens derived from natural soybean [31, 32]. At the beginning, we established which metabolites of phytoestrogens are present in the blood of cows fed a diet rich in soybean.…”

Section: Adverse Effects Of Isoflavones On the Reproductive Performentioning

confidence: 99%

Diverse Effects of Phytoestrogens on the Reproductive Performance: Cow as a Model

Wocławek-Potocka

Mannelli

Boruszewska

et al. 2013

International Journal of Endocrinology

105

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Phytoestrogens, polyphenolic compounds derived from plants, are more and more common constituents of human and animal diets. In most of the cases, these chemicals are much less potent than endogenous estrogens but exert their biological effects via similar mechanisms of action. The most common source of phytoestrogen exposure to humans as well as ruminants is soybean-derived foods that are rich in the isoflavones genistein and daidzein being metabolized in the digestive tract to even more potent metabolites—para-ethyl-phenol and equol. Phytoestrogens have recently come into considerable interest due to the increasing information on their adverse effects in human and animal reproduction, increasing the number of people substituting animal proteins with plant-derived proteins. Finally, the soybean becomes the main source of protein in animal fodder because of an absolute prohibition of bone meal use for animal feeding in 1995 in Europe. The review describes how exposure of soybean-derived phytoestrogens can have adverse effects on reproductive performance in female adults.

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Concentrations of Isoflavones and Their Metabolites in the Blood of Pregnant and Non-pregnant Heifers Fed Soy Bean

Cited by 23 publications

References 25 publications

The Effect of Soybean-Derived Phytoestrogens on Concentrations of Plasma Isoflavones, 15-keto-13,14-dihydroprostaglandin F2α and Progesterone in Dairy Cows

The Effect of Soybean-Derived Phytoestrogens on Concentrations of Plasma Isoflavones, 15-keto-13,14-dihydroprostaglandin F2α and Progesterone in Dairy Cows

Equol inhibits growth, induces atresia, and inhibits steroidogenesis of mouse antral follicles in vitro

Diverse Effects of Phytoestrogens on the Reproductive Performance: Cow as a Model

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