Concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in human milk from Ireland: temporal trends and implications for nursing infant exposure

Houlihan, Margarete; Wemken, Nina; Keogh, Myra; O’Riordain, Colman; Noone, Conor; Tierney, Julie A.; Cellarius, Claire; Cleere, Kathy; Daly, Seán; Harrad, Stuart; Tlustos, Christina; Coggins, Marie

doi:10.20517/jeea.2021.02

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 19 publications

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“…As per Commission Regulation 1259/2011, the maximum levels of dioxins, measured in toxic equivalent (TEQ), were determined by multiplying the concentrations of individual congeners in a sample by their corresponding toxic equivalency factor (TEF). These TEF values were established by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2005 (13,14) by comparing their toxicity with the most toxic dioxin (2, 3, 7, 8-TCDD). In the case, where the concentrations of dioxin congeners in the samples were below LOD, the values were assigned as zero.…”

Section: Teq Levels Calculationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the presence of dioxins in drinking water: implications for public health

Kumawat,

Pal,

Sharma

et al. 2024

International Journal of Environmental Health Research

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Dioxins: Infamous man-made toxins, a top environmental hazard of great concern. The presence of highly toxic dioxins, speci cally polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), in drinking water is a matter of great concern due to their long-lasting nature and harmful effects. In this study, we detected three out of the ve dioxin congeners: 2, 3, 7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin (TCDD), 1, 2, 3, 7, 8-pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (PeCDD), and octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (OCDD). The investigation revealed that all three dioxins were present in samples collected during the winter season, while only TCDD and OCDD were found in samples from the summer season. The geometric mean concentrations of PCDDs were 229.9 ng/L in winter and 108.4 ng/L in summer. These concentrations exceeded the maximum contaminant level (MCL) of 30 pg/L set by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in surface water, WaterTreatment Plant e uent, overhead tank, and drinking water samples. This indicates a serious risk to the safety of drinking water and public health. The estimated daily intake of PCDDs for residents through drinking water was 273.97 ng-WHO2005-TEQ/kg/day during winter and 78.875 ng-WHO2005-TEQ/kg/day during summer. These values raise signi cant concerns about the potential health impacts associated with the consumption of contaminated water. The ndings our study underscore the urgent need for further research focused on persistent organic pollutants in drinking water supplies. Additionally, it is crucial to develop and implement effective large-scale remediation technologies to combat the adverse effects of dioxin contamination. Safeguarding the quality of drinking water is essential for protecting public health and ensuring the well-being of communities.

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Section: Teq Levels Calculationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the presence of dioxins in drinking water: implications for public health

Kumawat,

Pal,

Sharma

et al. 2024

International Journal of Environmental Health Research

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Analysis of PCDD/Fs in environmental samples by using gas chromatography in combination with high resolution mass spectrometry: optimization of sample preparation

Nguyen Thi,

Nguyen Xuan,

Chu

et al. 2023

International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry

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Notes: A1: 0.6g of active carbon-dispersed silica gel column A2: 0.8g of active carbon-dispersed silica gel column A3: 1.0 g of active carbon-dispersed silica gel column A4: 1.2g of active carbon-dispersed silica gel column Notes: KT1: 4.0g of 22 % H2SO4 + silica gel KT2: 4.5g of 22 % H2SO4 + silica gel KT3: 5.0g of 22 % H2SO4 + silica gel KT4: 5.5g of 22 % H2SO4 + silica gel KT5: 6.0g of 22 % H2SO4 + silica gel KT6: 6.5g of 22 % H2SO4 + silica gel KT7: 7.0g of 22 % H2SO4 + silica gel

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First WHO/UNEP survey of the current concentrations of persistent organic pollutants in human milk in Morocco

Lhaj

Elhamri²,

lhaj

et al. 2022

Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A

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Concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in human milk from Ireland: temporal trends and implications for nursing infant exposure

Cited by 4 publications

References 19 publications

Investigating the presence of dioxins in drinking water: implications for public health

Investigating the presence of dioxins in drinking water: implications for public health

Analysis of PCDD/Fs in environmental samples by using gas chromatography in combination with high resolution mass spectrometry: optimization of sample preparation

First WHO/UNEP survey of the current concentrations of persistent organic pollutants in human milk in Morocco

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