Concentrations of six metals in the air of eight cities

Saltzman, Bernard E.; Cholak, Jacob; Schafer, L. J.; Yeager, David W.; Meiners, Bernard G.; Svetlik, Jozef.

doi:10.1021/es00134a004

Cited by 24 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Decrease in point 3 is also very clear when comparing with previous data (2). Present levels of airborne metal levels are very similar within the studied area, and they are similar to levels in rural areas (6,7,8). Higher Fe and Mn levels at point 1 can be explained by the road traffic.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 68%

Decreases in air and grass metal levels after the closure of a steel factory

Millán¹,

Legorburu²,

Cantón³

1987

Environmental Technology Letters

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 68%

Decreases in air and grass metal levels after the closure of a steel factory

Millán¹,

Legorburu²,

Cantón³

1987

Environmental Technology Letters

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“…The present study also managed to correlate decreases in ambient air lead levels with decreases in lead used in petrol. 24 commercial district monthly mean Chicago, USA (1970-71) 25 commercial district annual mean Los Angeles, USA (1968-69) 25 commercial district annual mean Bombay, India (1977-78) 5 commercial district geometric mean Singapore (1986-87) commercial district annual mean …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The determination of cadmium, copper and lead in ambient air particulates in Singapore

Ang

Tay

Gunasingham

et al. 1988

International Journal of Environmental Studies

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540 samples were collected at seven locations throughout Singapore for a study of heavy metal composition in ambient air particulates. The samples were analysed for cadmium, copper and lead using an automated anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) technique with flow injection system. The reliabililty and suitability of the automated ASV technique is evaluated and compared with established atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) procedures. The findings serve as a useful reference for future study of the Singapore atmospheric environment.

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“…Atmospheric aerosols have been known to follow a bimodal lognormal distribution, resulting from two different simultaneous processes. In a study 15 that sampled trace metal concentrations in the air at 59 sites in 8 cities for one year each, histograms of the concentrations at each site frequently showed a small second peak at high concentrations. It is believed that this may be allowed for by the following procedure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health Risk Assessment of Fluctuating Concentrations Using Lognormal Models

Saltzman

1997

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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A mathematical model is proposed for assessing health risk rates of fluctuating concentrations. Each time-averaged concentration may be regarded as a dose that, when applied to the dose-response curve, produces a risk of an adverse effect. A theoretical derivation shows that the dose-response pattern is a cumulative lognormal curve because of the diversity of the individuals in the exposed population. Similarly, the concentration pattern is a lognormal distribution because of the diversity of emission sources and dispersive processes. The health risk is produced by the overlapping of the right tail of the concentration distribution and the left tail of the dose-response curve. The evaluation of the joint probability in this region has been performed by numerical integration by computer in terms of two generalized parameters. One represents the geometric standard deviation of the concentration distribution relative to that of the dose-response curve, and the other represents the distance between the geometric mean concentration and the concentration producing an adverse response in 50% of the exposed population. These results are presented graphically and in tabular form. If the two parameters of the dose-response curve are known, the health risk of the concentration pattern may be calculated conveniently for any geometric mean and geometric standard deviation values.

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Concentrations of six metals in the air of eight cities

Cited by 24 publications

References 12 publications

Decreases in air and grass metal levels after the closure of a steel factory

Decreases in air and grass metal levels after the closure of a steel factory

The determination of cadmium, copper and lead in ambient air particulates in Singapore

Health Risk Assessment of Fluctuating Concentrations Using Lognormal Models

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